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\title{Supplemental Materials for:  \\
Territorial Loss and Nationalist Populism}%\let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{\onehalfspacing\vspace{-.35cm}\\ Carter: Ph.D. Candidate in Politics, Princeton University. \href{mailto:pjcarter@princeton.edu}{pjcarter@princeton.edu}.  \\ Pop-Eleches:  Professor of Politics and International Affairs, Princeton University. \href{mailto:gpop@princeton.edu}{gpop@princeton.edu}. \\ \-\hspace{.5cm}}}
\author{}
%\date{\today}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\tableofcontents
\appendix
\appendixpage

\section{Distentangling Nationalism and Populism}
\counterwithin{table}{section}

In this section, we investigate the question of whether our findings are driven by nationalism, populism, or the combination of both. As discussed in the main paper, empirical leverage on this issue is unfortunately slim: there is only a single party (die Linke in Germany) that qualifies as populist but not nationalist, and only 3 parties for which we have data (the Bavarian CSU in Germany, iYi in Turkey, and the Romanian PSD) that are nationalist but do not meet the criteria for being coded as populist. In the following tables, we repeat the main analyses of the paper for these two groups. 

The findings in Table A1 indicate that the association between nationalism and territorial loss exists independently of populism \textit{per se}: respondents who are concerned about lost territory express significantly higher support for non-populist nationalist parties. There are two important caveats to this finding, however; first, the relationship between nationalist-but-not-populist party ratings and territorial loss attitudes is driven entirely by iYi, which is quite idiosyncratic in its strong ownership of the issue; and second, the relationship is consistently much stronger for nationalist populist than for nationalist-only parties. Furthermore, we find no effects of the territorial loss experimental prime on non-populist nationalist parties, either on its own or interacted with territorial loss concern.

The effects are even weaker in Table A2, which shows the results for the one populist non-nationalist party in our analysis (\textit{Die Linke}). While territorial loss concerns have a positive effect in the model with fixed effects and controls, the results fall short of statistical significance. The average priming effect is not significant (in models 3\&4), and while model 5 suggests a marginally significant positive priming effect among low-concern respondents, the effect is not robust to including fixed effects and controls (in model 6).

Overall, the findings in Tables A1\&A2 are essentially in line with the view taken here of nationalist populism as a more intense form of both nationalism and populism that is more than simply the sum of its parts: while other nationalist parties may enjoy some support from those with passive irredentist attitudes, it is nationalist populists that are best positioned to mobilize this issue precisely because of the \textit{way} they talk about it.

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering
  \caption{Combined Regression Estimates of Effects on Pooled Nationalist-only Party Evaluations}
  \label{}
\resizebox{!}{0.5\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc}
\\[-1.8ex]\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Only Nationalist}  \\
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Territorial Loss Concern        & $11.38^{***}$ & $8.54^{***}$ &               &               & $10.71^{***}$ & $8.13^{**}$    \\
                                & $(2.99)$      & $(2.15)$     &               &               & $(3.80)$      & $(3.40)$       \\
Territorial Prime               &               &              & $0.14$        & $0.18$        & $-0.40$       & $0.45$         \\
                                &               &              & $(1.46)$      & $(1.37)$      & $(2.38)$      & $(2.35)$       \\
Prime : Concern                 &               &              &               &               & $-0.44$       & $1.20$         \\
                                &               &              &               &               & $(2.96)$      & $(2.92)$       \\
Age                             &               & $0.01$       &               & $-0.01$       &               & $-0.00$        \\
                                &               & $(0.06)$     &               & $(0.06)$      &               & $(0.06)$       \\
Completed University            &               & $7.08^{***}$ &               & $7.33^{***}$  &               & $7.34^{***}$   \\
                                &               & $(1.57)$     &               & $(1.94)$      &               & $(1.58)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               & $6.83^{***}$ &               & $7.42^{***}$  &               & $7.38^{***}$   \\
                                &               & $(1.69)$     &               & $(1.98)$      &               & $(1.72)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               & $6.82^{***}$ &               & $8.37^{***}$  &               & $8.11^{***}$   \\
                                &               & $(1.60)$     &               & $(1.93)$      &               & $(1.64)$       \\
Male                            &               & $0.20$       &               & $0.73$        &               & $0.52$         \\
                                &               & $(1.17)$     &               & $(1.39)$      &               & $(1.24)$       \\
Urban                           &               & $-1.74$      &               & $-1.34$       &               & $-0.99$        \\
                                &               & $(1.84)$     &               & $(2.20)$      &               & $(2.00)$       \\
Small Town                      &               & $0.31$       &               & $-0.12$       &               & $-0.10$        \\
                                &               & $(1.59)$     &               & $(1.89)$      &               & $(1.76)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               & $-12.38^{***}$ &               & $-11.77^{***}$ &               & $-12.39^{***}$ \\
                                &               & $(3.12)$     &               & $(3.70)$      &               & $(3.21)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               & $-3.94$      &               & $-1.92$       &               & $-1.94$        \\
                                &               & $(2.51)$     &               & $(2.90)$      &               & $(2.54)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               & $-6.54^{**}$ &               & $-6.07$       &               & $-5.95$        \\
                                &               & $(3.07)$     &               & $(3.70)$      &               & $(3.56)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               & $-1.15$      &               & $-4.45$       &               & $-2.84$        \\
                                &               & $(3.23)$     &               & $(4.20)$      &               & $(3.97)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               & $-0.05$      &               & $2.79$        &               & $2.89$         \\
                                &               & $(3.19)$     &               & $(4.04)$      &               & $(3.89)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               & $1.00$       &               & $1.56$        &               & $2.28$         \\
                                &               & $(1.89)$     &               & $(2.21)$      &               & $(2.07)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               & $2.72$       &               & $3.74$        &               & $3.97$         \\
                                &               & $(2.25)$     &               & $(2.40)$      &               & $(2.45)$       \\
Political Interest              &               & $-5.48^{**}$ &               & $-7.87^{***}$ &               & $-8.10^{***}$  \\
                                &               & $(2.14)$     &               & $(2.66)$      &               & $(2.58)$       \\
Constant                        & $12.43^{***}$ & $19.70^{*}$  & $18.48^{***}$ & $24.77^{**}$  & $15.89^{***}$  & $23.61^{**}$   \\
                                & $(1.06)$      & $(10.10)$    & $(2.03)$      & $(11.89)$     & $(2.22)$       & $(11.60)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Country Fixed Effects           & No            & Yes          & No            & Yes           & No             & Yes            \\
Imputations                     & 5             & 5            & 5             & 5             & 5              & 5              \\
Observations                    & 3,311         & 3,311        & 2,471         & 2,471         & 2,471          & 2,471          \\
R$^2$ & 0.09 & 0.22 & 0 & 0.28 & 0.08 & 0.29 \\
\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\
\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

% \begin{table}[htp] 
% \centering 
%   \caption{Regression Estimates of Priming Effects on Pooled Nationalist Party Evaluations} 
%   \label{} 
% \resizebox{!}{0.5\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccc} 
% \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Only Nationalist} \\ 
% \cline{2-4} 
% \\[-1.8ex] & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Territorial Prime               & $0.14$        & $0.58$        & $0.18$         \\
%                                 & $(1.46)$      & $(1.43)$      & $(1.37)$       \\
% Age                             &               &               & $-0.01$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(0.06)$       \\
% Completed University            &               &               & $7.33^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.94)$       \\
% Completed Secondary             &               &               & $7.42^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.98)$       \\
% Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $8.37^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.93)$       \\
% Male                            &               &               & $0.73$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.39)$       \\
% Urban                           &               &               & $-1.34$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.20)$       \\
% Small Town                      &               &               & $-0.12$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.89)$       \\
% COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $-11.77^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.70)$       \\
% Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-1.92$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.90)$       \\
% Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-6.07$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.70)$       \\
% Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-4.45$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(4.20)$       \\
% National Identity Index         &               &               & $2.79$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(4.04)$       \\
% Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $1.56$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.21)$       \\
% Religious Importance            &               &               & $3.74$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.40)$       \\
% Political Interest              &               &               & $-7.87^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.66)$       \\
% Constant                        & $18.48^{***}$ & $17.86^{***}$ & $24.77^{**}$   \\
%                                 & $(2.03)$      & $(6.38)$      & $(11.89)$      \\
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Country Fixed Effects           & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
% Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\
% Observations                     & 2,471             & 2,471             & 2,471              \\
% \hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
% \end{tabular}} 
% \end{table}





% \begin{table}[htp] 
% \centering 
%   \caption{Regression Estimates of Loss Concern Effects on Pooled Nationalist Party Evaluations} 
%   \label{} 
% \resizebox{!}{0.5\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccc} 
% \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Only Nationalist} \\ 
% \cline{2-4} 
% \\[-1.8ex] & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Territorial Loss Concern        & $11.38^{***}$ & $9.32^{***}$  & $8.54^{***}$   \\
%                                 & $(2.99)$      & $(1.96)$      & $(2.15)$       \\
% Age                             &               &               & $0.01$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(0.06)$       \\
% Completed University            &               &               & $7.08^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.57)$       \\
% Completed Secondary             &               &               & $6.83^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.69)$       \\
% Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $6.82^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.60)$       \\
% Male                            &               &               & $0.20$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.17)$       \\
% Urban                           &               &               & $-1.74$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.84)$       \\
% Small Town                      &               &               & $0.31$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.59)$       \\
% COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $-12.38^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.12)$       \\
% Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-3.94$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.51)$       \\
% Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-6.54^{**}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.07)$       \\
% Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-1.15$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.23)$       \\
% National Identity Index         &               &               & $-0.05$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.19)$       \\
% Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $1.00$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.89)$       \\
% Religious Importance            &               &               & $2.72$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.25)$       \\
% Political Interest              &               &               & $-5.48^{**}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.14)$       \\
% Constant                        & $12.43^{***}$ & $11.77^{**}$  & $19.70^{*}$    \\
%                                 & $(1.06)$      & $(5.40)$      & $(10.10)$      \\
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Country Fixed Effects           & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
% Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ Observations                     & 3,311             & 3,311             & 3,311              \\ 
% \hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
% \end{tabular}} 
% \end{table}




% \begin{table}[htp] 
% \centering 
%   \caption{Regression Estimates of Heterogeneous Priming Effects on Pooled Nationalist Party Evaluations by Loss Concern} 
%   \label{} 
% \resizebox{!}{0.5\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccc} 
% \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Only Nationalist} \\ 
% \cline{2-4} 
% \\[-1.8ex] & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Territorial Loss Concern        & $10.71^{***}$ & $8.77^{***}$  & $8.13^{**}$    \\
%                                 & $(3.80)$      & $(3.29)$      & $(3.40)$       \\
% Territorial Prime               & $-0.40$       & $0.54$        & $0.45$         \\
%                                 & $(2.38)$      & $(2.47)$      & $(2.35)$       \\
% Prime : Concern                 & $-0.44$       & $0.94$        & $1.20$         \\
%                                 & $(2.96)$      & $(2.94)$      & $(2.92)$       \\
% Age                             &               &               & $-0.00$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(0.06)$       \\
% Completed University            &               &               & $7.34^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.58)$       \\
% Completed Secondary             &               &               & $7.38^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.72)$       \\
% Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $8.11^{***}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.64)$       \\
% Male                            &               &               & $0.52$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.24)$       \\
% Urban                           &               &               & $-0.99$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.00)$       \\
% Small Town                      &               &               & $-0.10$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.76)$       \\
% COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $-12.39^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.21)$       \\
% Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-1.94$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.54)$       \\
% Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-5.95$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.56)$       \\
% Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-2.84$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.97)$       \\
% National Identity Index         &               &               & $2.89$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.89)$       \\
% Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $2.28$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.07)$       \\
% Religious Importance            &               &               & $3.97$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.45)$       \\
% Political Interest              &               &               & $-8.10^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.58)$       \\
% Constant                        & $15.89^{***}$ & $17.42^{**}$  & $23.61^{**}$   \\
%                                 & $(2.22)$      & $(7.04)$      & $(11.60)$      \\
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Country Fixed Effects           & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
% Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ Observations                     & 2,471             & 2,471             & 2,471              \\ 
% \hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
% \end{tabular}} 
% \end{table}


\begin{table}[htp] 
\centering 
  \caption{Regression Estimates of Loss Concern and Priming Effects on Populist-only Party Evaluations (die Linke, Germany)} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{!}{0.5\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Only Populist} \\ 
\cline{2-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $-0.77$       & $7.01$         &               &               & $12.00$       & $10.71$        \\
                                & $(4.66)$      & $(4.47)$       &               &               & $(8.64)$      & $(7.90)$       \\
Territorial Prime               &               &                & $3.60$        & $2.50$        & $6.74^{*}$    & $3.56$         \\
                                &               &                & $(3.08)$      & $(2.63)$      & $(3.96)$      & $(3.29)$       \\
Prime : Concern                 &               &                &               &               & $-17.05$      & $-6.87$        \\
                                &               &                &               &               & $(11.11)$     & $(9.84)$       \\
Age                             &               & $-0.11$        &               & $-0.18^{**}$   &               & $-0.18^{**}$   \\
                                &               & $(0.08)$       &               & $(0.09)$       &               & $(0.09)$       \\
Completed University            &               & $-0.18$        &               & $3.39$         &               & $3.78$         \\
                                &               & $(3.75)$       &               & $(3.68)$       &               & $(3.78)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               & $1.52$         &               & $2.99$         &               & $3.24$         \\
                                &               & $(4.23)$       &               & $(4.36)$       &               & $(4.44)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               & $-1.93$        &               & $1.01$         &               & $1.08$         \\
                                &               & $(3.35)$       &               & $(3.34)$       &               & $(3.43)$       \\
Male                            &               & $6.92^{***}$   &              
                                & $8.48^{***}$   &               & $8.44^{***}$   \\
                                &               & $(2.51)$       &               & $(2.81)$       &               & $(2.80)$       \\
Urban                           &               & $-0.90$        &               & $-0.19$        &               & $-0.16$        \\
                                &               & $(4.20)$       &               & $(4.70)$       &               & $(4.70)$       \\
Small Town                      &               & $-1.14$        &               & $-0.33$        &               & $-0.24$        \\
                                &               & $(3.89)$       &               & $(4.41)$       &               & $(4.41)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               & $14.82^{***}$  &               & $12.05^{**}$   &               & $11.07^{**}$   \\
                                &               & $(5.07)$       &               & $(5.54)$       &               & $(5.60)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               & $27.49^{***}$  &               & $27.56^{***}$  &               & $27.47^{***}$  \\
                                &               & $(5.47)$       &               & $(6.24)$       &               & $(6.20)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               & $9.41$         &               & $5.52$         &               & $6.24$         \\
                                &               & $(7.17)$       &               & $(8.32)$       &               & $(8.29)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               & $12.49^{*}$    &               & $17.69^{**}$   &               & $19.04^{**}$   \\
                                &               & $(7.29)$       &               & $(8.59)$       &               & $(8.59)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               & $-22.95^{***}$ &               & $-20.90^{***}$ &               & $-20.68^{***}$ \\
                                &               & $(5.74)$       &               & $(6.15)$       &               & $(6.16)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               & $9.36^{**}$    &               & $7.93$         &               & $8.98$         \\
                                &               & $(4.71)$       &               & $(5.46)$       &               & $(5.56)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               & $-5.37$        &               & $1.73$         &               & $0.70$         \\
                                &               & $(3.62)$       &               & $(4.05)$       &               & $(3.99)$       \\
Political Interest              &               & $-11.53^{*}$   &               & $-8.79$        &               & $-8.27$        \\
                                &               & $(6.27)$       &               & $(7.20)$       &               & $(7.20)$       \\
Constant                        & $25.17^{***}$ & $3.62$         & $22.09^{***}$ & $-3.37$        & $20.04^{***}$ & $-7.44$        \\
                                & $(1.74)$      & $(11.13)$      & $(2.41)$      & $(12.23)$      & $(2.92)$      & $(12.78)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects           & No            & Yes           & No           & Yes            & No           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5             & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ 
Observations                    & 1,596         & 1,596         & 1,210         & 1,210         & 1,210         & 1,210          \\  
R$^2$ & 0 & 0.16 & 0 & 0.16 & 0.01 & 0.17 \\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}


\newpage

\section{Heterogeneity by territory named}
\counterwithin{table}{section}
In this section, we report heterogeneity by territories named. To improve comparability across cases, we code each lost territory as corresponding to either a case of lost unity -- instances, such as Romania/Moldova, where the dominant ethnic group was formerly a part of a single contiguous state but subsequently split into two sovereign entities, or lost home rule (i.e. other cases where control over territory is at stake but there is no ethnic splitting) according to the criteria used in Cederman et al (2024). Note that in Hungary all territories correspond to lost unity, so no comparison is possible. In addition, for Turkey only we report results for the single nationalist-only party (iYi) separately. This is motivated by the fact that the relationship between territorial loss attitudes and support for this party -- particularly, as Table \ref{tab:iyilu} shows, for respondents naming historically Turkish territories (lost unity) -- is a major driver of the results presented in the previous section.

For both Romania and Germany, the results suggest that concern for either type of lost territory was associated with significantly higher support for nationalist populist parties. However, we also find that respondents naming lost home rule territories exhibit, counter to theoretical expectations, a stronger association between loss concern and nationalist populist support. While the structure of our data does not permit us to conclusively identify the mechanism underlying this difference, one potential explanation is that the lost home rule territories in both cases are significantly less salient in national discourse, reflected in the much smaller number of respondents naming them. Hence, while a substantial proportion of respondents naming these territories do report the minimum level of concern over them, there may also exist a core of more committed irredentists who chose to name these lesser-known territories as a way of signalling their knowledge of, and commitment to, the issue. Since this latter group also represent part of the key support base for parties such as AfD, this polarization between those who are aware of, but unconcerned with, less salient territories and those who are concerned with \textit{all} territorial losses may account for the stronger relationship we observe.

Overall, the results in Appendix B suggest that concerns for both lost home rule and lost unity territories can provide electoral fuel for nationalist populist parties but that the relative strength of these appeals differs as a function of the particular historical and political context of different countries.   

%\subsection{Hungary}
\begin{table}[H] 
\centering 
  \caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with Nationalist Populist Support among Respondents Naming Lost Unity Territories Only -- \textbf{Hungary}} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Nationalist Populist Party Support} \\ 
\cline{2-4} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $34.02^{***}$ & $32.92^{***}$ & $19.89^{***}$  \\
                                & $(2.48)$      & $(2.49)$      & $(2.74)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.30^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(0.06)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-8.51^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(2.98)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $-2.10$        \\
                                &               &               & $(3.20)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $-0.25$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.82)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $-3.80^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(1.67)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-2.14$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.80)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-0.96$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.07)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $16.74^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(3.95)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $17.88^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(4.41)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-14.72^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(4.90)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $18.87^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(3.78)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $11.64^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(4.58)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-19.92^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(2.87)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $13.27^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(2.69)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-22.14^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(3.19)$       \\
Constant                        & $22.32^{***}$ & $17.81^{***}$ & $32.41^{***}$  \\
                                & $(1.65)$      & $(2.28)$      & $(7.76)$       \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
County Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ Observations                     &1,700             & 1,700             & 1,700              \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.11 & 0.13 & 0.29 \\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}
% \begin{table}[H] 
% \centering 
%   \caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with Nationalist Populist Support among Respondents Naming Lost Home Rule Territories Only -- All Countries} 
%   \label{} 
% \resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccc} 
% \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
%  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Nationalist Populist Party Support} \\ 
% \cline{2-4} 
% \\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) \\ 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Constant                        & $24.47^{***}$ & $35.79^{***}$ & $51.06^{***}$  \\
%                                 & $(4.84)$      & $(7.34)$      & $(14.90)$      \\
% Territorial Loss Concern        & $23.17^{***}$ & $5.36$        & $4.65$         \\
%                                 & $(7.25)$      & $(8.22)$      & $(5.06)$       \\
% Age                             &               &               & $-0.33^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(0.11)$       \\
% Completed University            &               &               & $-4.44$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(5.34)$       \\
% Completed Secondary             &               &               & $4.92$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(6.26)$       \\
% Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $0.95$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(5.48)$       \\
% Male                            &               &               & $2.94$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.29)$       \\
% Urban                           &               &               & $-14.34^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(5.02)$       \\
% Small Town                      &               &               & $-11.63^{**}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(4.77)$       \\
% COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $10.23$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(8.85)$       \\
% Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-2.03$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(9.18)$       \\
% Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-5.61$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(7.25)$       \\
% Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $2.19$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(9.23)$       \\
% National Identity Index         &               &               & $22.52^{**}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(9.56)$       \\
% Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-29.28^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(4.71)$       \\
% Religious Importance            &               &               & $21.50^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(4.77)$       \\
% Political Interest              &               &               & $-0.60$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(6.32)$       \\
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Country Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
% Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ Observations                     & 1,136             & 1,136             & 1,136              \\ 
% \hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
% \end{tabular}} 
% \end{table}


% \begin{table}[H] 
% \centering 
%   \caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with Nationalist Populist Support among Respondents Naming Lost Unity Territories Only -- All Countries} 
%   \label{} 
% \resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccc} 
% \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
%  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Nationalist Populist Party Support} \\ 
% \cline{2-4} 
% \\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) \\ 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Constant                        & $13.71^{***}$ & $29.19^{***}$ & $40.53^{***}$  \\
%                                 & $(1.12)$      & $(1.69)$      & $(5.77)$       \\
% Territorial Loss Concern        & $31.11^{***}$ & $22.62^{***}$ & $13.71^{***}$  \\
%                                 & $(1.95)$      & $(2.38)$      & $(2.51)$       \\
% Age                             &               &               & $-0.15^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(0.04)$       \\
% Completed University            &               &               & $-1.16$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.02)$       \\
% Completed Secondary             &               &               & $1.71$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.49)$       \\
% Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $3.55$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.23)$       \\
% Male                            &               &               & $-0.69$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.44)$       \\
% Urban                           &               &               & $-1.99$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.01)$       \\
% Small Town                      &               &               & $-1.78$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(1.93)$       \\
% COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $2.75$         \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.42)$       \\
% Interventionism Index           &               &               & $11.58^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.43)$       \\
% Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-7.56^{**}$   \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.82)$       \\
% Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-1.29$        \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.58)$       \\
% National Identity Index         &               &               & $14.79^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(3.98)$       \\
% Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-15.42^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.61)$       \\
% Religious Importance            &               &               & $10.24^{***}$  \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.28)$       \\
% Political Interest              &               &               & $-16.79^{***}$ \\
%                                 &               &               & $(2.85)$       \\
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% Country Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
% Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ Observations                     & 4,305             & 4,305             & 4,305              \\ 
% \hline 
% \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
% \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{3}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
% \end{tabular}} 
% \end{table}


%\subsection{Romania}

\begin{table}[H] 
\centering 
  \caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with Nationalist Populist Support by territory named-- \textbf{Romania}} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Home Rule Territories} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Unity Territories} \\ 
\cline{2-4} \cline{5-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $28.71$       & $58.11^{***}$ & $47.68^{***}$ & $16.42^{***}$ & $15.97^{***}$ & $14.50^{***}$  \\
                                & $(25.87)$     & $(16.33)$     & $(7.11)$       & $(5.22)$      & $(4.71)$      & $(4.50)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $0.38$         &               &               & $0.03$         \\
                                &               &               & $(0.23)$       &               &               & $(0.09)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-18.24^{**}$  &               &               & $-5.05$        \\
                                &               &               & $(7.60)$       &               &               & $(4.51)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $-7.99$        &               &               & $2.23$         \\
                                &               &               & $(6.62)$       &               &               & $(4.36)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $-7.76$        &               &               & $10.47^{*}$    \\
                                &               &               & $(15.46)$      &               &               & $(6.23)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $-2.72$        &               &               & $-3.64$        \\
                                &               &               & $(5.59)$       &               &               & $(2.97)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-34.05^{***}$ &               &               & $-2.61$        \\
                                &               &               & $(8.73)$       &               &               & $(3.56)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-24.14^{**}$  &               &               & $-3.95$        \\
                                &               &               & $(9.66)$       &               &               & $(3.55)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $0.15$         &               &               & $0.53$         \\
                                &               &               & $(9.09)$       &               &               & $(5.95)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $20.44^{**}$   &               &               & $4.46$         \\
                                &               &               & $(8.85)$       &               &               & $(5.61)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $26.91^{**}$   &               &               & $9.40$         \\
                                &               &               & $(13.59)$      &               &               & $(6.77)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $63.27^{***}$  &               &               & $-8.40$        \\
                                &               &               & $(11.75)$      &               &               & $(7.92)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $-21.88$       &               &               & $4.20$         \\
                                &               &               & $(14.61)$      &               &               & $(7.78)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-13.12^{*}$   &               &               & $-0.73$        \\
                                &               &               & $(7.28)$       &               &               & $(4.23)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $-2.68$        &               &               & $2.41$         \\
                                &               &               & $(6.63)$       &               &               & $(4.51)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $8.14$         &               &               & $-11.95^{**}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(7.95)$       &               &               & $(5.59)$       \\
Constant                        & $11.17$       & $2.35$        & $-16.26$       & $12.48^{***}$ & $16.30^{***}$ & $20.00$        \\
                                & $(15.71)$     & $(13.39)$     & $(21.03)$      & $(3.57)$      & $(6.30)$      & $(12.69)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
County Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ 
Observations                    & 149           & 149           & 149            & 1,208         & 1,208         & 1,208          \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.08 & 0.6 & 0.79 & 0.03 & 0.17 & 0.21 \\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}



%\subsection{Germany}

\begin{table}[H] 
\centering 
\caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with Nationalist Populist Support by territory named -- \textbf{Germany}} 
\label{} 
\resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Home Rule Territories} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Unity Territories} \\ 
\cline{2-4} \cline{5-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $33.39^{***}$ & $37.39^{***}$ & $18.58^{**}$  & $24.83^{***}$ & $24.65^{***}$ & $10.80^{**}$   \\
                                & $(11.87)$     & $(11.88)$     & $(9.34)$      & $(7.29)$      & $(6.68)$      & $(5.25)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.25^{**}$  &               &               & $0.02$         \\
                                &               &               & $(0.12)$      &               &               & $(0.06)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-6.19$       &               &               & $1.88$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.61)$      &               &               & $(2.53)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $-4.05$       &               &               & $1.60$         \\
                                &               &               & $(10.09)$     &               &               & $(3.30)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $-5.40$       &               &               & $1.53$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.97)$      &               &               & $(2.78)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $-3.93$       &               &               & $3.89^{*}$     \\
                                &               &               & $(4.08)$      &               &               & $(2.00)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-3.26$       &               &               & $3.26$         \\
                                &               &               & $(5.63)$      &               &               & $(3.24)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $0.51$        &               &               & $1.75$         \\
                                &               &               & $(4.59)$      &               &               & $(2.75)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $-16.04^{*}$  &               &               & $-26.28^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(8.93)$      &               &               & $(5.69)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-0.48$       &               &               & $-5.16$        \\
                                &               &               & $(9.66)$      &               &               & $(5.14)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-18.05$      &               &               & $-13.93^{**}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(13.43)$     &               &               & $(5.90)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-39.60^{***}$&               &               & $-32.31^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(13.26)$     &               &               & $(9.16)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $24.16^{**}$  &               &               & $20.98^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(11.03)$     &               &               & $(5.61)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-13.87$      &               &               & $-8.36$        \\
                                &               &               & $(8.62)$      &               &               & $(6.05)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $1.99$        &               &               & $-8.09^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(6.01)$      &               &               & $(4.06)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-26.12^{***}$&               &               & $-10.55^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(9.86)$      &               &               & $(3.85)$       \\
Constant                        & $3.64^{**}$   & $0.74$        & $73.40^{***}$ & $6.59^{***}$  & $3.76$        & $50.83^{***}$  \\
                                & $(1.80)$      & $(5.05)$      & $(17.84)$     & $(1.32)$      & $(2.38)$      & $(9.88)$       \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
State Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ 
Observations                    & 259           & 259           & 259            & 868           & 868           & 868            \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.14 & 0.23 & 0.43 & 0.06 & 0.11 & 0.33\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}

%\subsection{Turkey - Nationalist Populists}

\begin{table}[H] 
\centering 
\caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with \textbf{Nationalist Populist} Support by territory named -- \textbf{Turkey}} 
\label{} 
\resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Home Rule Territories} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Unity Territories} \\ 
\cline{2-4} \cline{5-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $-11.94$      & $-7.38$      & $-0.71$        & $-11.42$      & $-8.25$      & $-10.28$       \\
                                & $(10.40)$     & $(8.34)$     & $(4.80)$       & $(7.70)$      & $(6.57)$     & $(6.31)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.42^{**}$   &               &               & $-0.24$        \\
                                &               &               & $(0.17)$       &               &               & $(0.18)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $4.30$         &               &               & $9.92^{*}$     \\
                                &               &               & $(5.05)$       &               &               & $(5.44)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $8.20$         &               &               & $0.40$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.24)$       &               &               & $(7.20)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $9.31^{*}$     &               &               & $3.54$         \\
                                &               &               & $(4.97)$       &               &               & $(6.55)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $0.86$         &               &               & $-2.45$        \\
                                &               &               & $(4.40)$       &               &               & $(4.44)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-26.14^{***}$ &               &               & $9.85$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.10)$       &               &               & $(8.96)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-26.94^{***}$ &               &               & $12.18$        \\
                                &               &               & $(7.99)$       &               &               & $(10.42)$      \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $35.02^{***}$  &               &               & $30.06^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(11.10)$      &               &               & $(11.19)$      \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $1.53$         &               &               & $-7.62$        \\
                                &               &               & $(12.42)$      &               &               & $(11.72)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-0.82$        &               &               & $8.29$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.88)$       &               &               & $(10.57)$      \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $0.75$         &               &               & $-0.37$        \\
                                &               &               & $(11.28)$      &               &               & $(16.01)$      \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $29.44^{**}$   &               &               & $17.97^{*}$    \\
                                &               &               & $(11.65)$      &               &               & $(10.46)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-20.34^{***}$ &               &               & $-23.37^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(6.07)$       &               &               & $(6.64)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $42.14^{***}$  &               &               & $31.27^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(7.51)$       &               &               & $(7.15)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-5.08$        &               &               & $-10.49$       \\
                                &               &               & $(6.46)$       &               &               & $(8.13)$       \\
Constant                        & $57.41^{***}$ & $76.16^{***}$ & $6.50$         & $43.85^{***}$ & $27.18^{**}$ & $-7.87$        \\
                                & $(7.49)$      & $(14.03)$     & $(22.75)$      & $(5.41)$      & $(11.84)$    & $(25.79)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Region Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ 
Observations                    & 662           & 662           & 662            & 613           & 613           & 613            \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.01 & 0.26 & 0.56 & 0.01 & 0.22 & 0.42\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}



%\subsection{Turkey - Nationalists}

\begin{table}[H] 
\centering 
\caption{Correlation of Territorial Loss Concern with \textbf{Nationalist-only (iYi) Party} Support by territory named -- \textbf{Turkey}} 
\label{tab:iyilu} 
\resizebox{!}{0.45\textheight}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Home Rule Territories} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Lost Unity Territories} \\ 
\cline{2-4} \cline{5-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $-8.81$       & $-3.26$       & $3.39$         & $7.77$        & $10.22^{*}$   & $10.70^{**}$   \\
                                & $(8.57)$      & $(6.51)$      & $(4.59)$       & $(6.14)$      & $(5.64)$      & $(5.41)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.16$        &               &               & $-0.04$        \\
                                &               &               & $(0.16)$       &               &               & $(0.16)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $7.76^{*}$     &               &               & $2.90$         \\
                                &               &               & $(4.48)$       &               &               & $(5.39)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $14.82^{***}$  &               &               & $9.88$         \\
                                &               &               & $(5.55)$       &               &               & $(6.60)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $11.62^{***}$  &               &               & $6.72$         \\
                                &               &               & $(4.48)$       &               &               & $(6.32)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $3.33$         &               &               & $-0.42$        \\
                                &               &               & $(3.73)$       &               &               & $(4.13)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-22.27^{***}$ &               &               & $9.16$         \\
                                &               &               & $(4.16)$       &               &               & $(8.48)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-22.82^{***}$ &               &               & $8.93$         \\
                                &               &               & $(5.48)$       &               &               & $(9.31)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $6.52$         &               &               & $9.39$         \\
                                &               &               & $(8.63)$       &               &               & $(10.69)$      \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $-14.33$       &               &               & $-9.81$        \\
                                &               &               & $(8.99)$       &               &               & $(10.88)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-2.73$        &               &               & $8.39$         \\
                                &               &               & $(7.03)$       &               &               & $(8.43)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $25.01^{**}$   &               &               & $27.98^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(10.41)$      &               &               & $(14.17)$      \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $40.08^{***}$  &               &               & $21.11^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(9.97)$       &               &               & $(10.58)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-13.11^{**}$  &               &               & $-9.26$        \\
                                &               &               & $(6.37)$       &               &               & $(6.57)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $35.99^{***}$  &               &               & $21.23^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(6.95)$       &               &               & $(7.15)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-2.57$        &               &               & $-20.05^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(5.74)$       &               &               & $(7.54)$       \\
Constant                        & $70.14^{***}$ & $83.45^{***}$ & $3.75$         & $57.05^{***}$ & $67.20^{***}$ & $8.51$         \\
                                & $(5.58)$      & $(10.04)$     & $(21.86)$      & $(4.25)$      & $(5.87)$      & $(21.25)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Region Fixed Effects                   & No            & Yes           & Yes            & No            & Yes           & Yes            \\ 
Imputations                     & 5             & 5             & 5              & 5             & 5             & 5              \\ 
Observations                    & 662           & 662           & 662            & 613           & 613           & 613            \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.01 & 0.27 & 0.53 & 0.01 & 0.19 & 0.32\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table}


\section{Full Model Specifications}

For all of the tables presented in this section, we standardize both territorial loss concern and the attitudinal control variables to range from 0-1, so that all coefficients can comparably be interpreted as the effect of going from the minimum to maximum value on each dimension.

\label{sec:extra}
    \newgeometry{margin=1cm}
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Regression Estimates of Loss Concern Effects on Pooled Nationalist Populist Party Evaluations} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (All)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Power)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Opposition)}  \\ 
\cline{2-10} 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $27.74^{***}$ & $16.95^{***}$ & $9.80^{***}$   & $13.34^{***}$ & $13.95^{***}$ & $4.66^{*}$     & $17.51^{***}$ & $13.95^{***}$ & $12.84^{***}$  \\
                                & $(2.03)$      & $(2.37)$      & $(2.27)$       & $(3.73)$      & $(3.50)$      & $(2.73)$       & $(1.59)$      & $(1.96)$      & $(2.02)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.15^{***}$  &               &               & $-0.12^{**}$   &               &               & $-0.09^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(0.04)$       &               &               & $(0.06)$       &               &               & $(0.04)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-2.45$        &               &               & $-5.56^{*}$    &               &               & $0.49$         \\
                                &               &               & $(1.94)$       &               &               & $(2.97)$       &               &               & $(1.63)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $1.23$         &               &               & $-0.18$        &               &               & $2.21$         \\
                                &               &               & $(2.24)$       &               &               & $(3.21)$       &               &               & $(2.01)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $1.52$         &               &               & $-3.04$        &               &               & $4.56^{***}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(2.15)$       &               &               & $(2.96)$       &               &               & $(1.76)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $0.12$         &               &               & $-0.31$        &               &               & $0.49$         \\
                                &               &               & $(1.29)$       &               &               & $(1.72)$       &               &               & $(1.20)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-3.85^{*}$    &               &               & $-1.14$        &               &               & $-2.15$        \\
                                &               &               & $(1.97)$       &               &               & $(2.80)$       &               &               & $(1.59)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-3.00^{*}$    &               &               & $-2.33$        &               &               & $-1.03$        \\
                                &               &               & $(1.80)$       &               &               & $(2.50)$       &               &               & $(1.52)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $5.04^{*}$     &               &               & $39.70^{***}$  &               &               & $-15.33^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(3.00)$       &               &               & $(3.87)$       &               &               & $(2.66)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $4.27$         &               &               & $13.32^{***}$  &               &               & $-1.39$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.89)$       &               &               & $(4.20)$       &               &               & $(2.67)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-7.19^{**}$   &               &               & $-0.40$        &               &               & $-3.22$        \\
                                &               &               & $(3.58)$       &               &               & $(4.69)$       &               &               & $(3.38)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-2.25$        &               &               & $17.09^{***}$  &               &               & $-14.27^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(3.41)$       &               &               & $(3.61)$       &               &               & $(3.06)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $15.78^{***}$  &               &               & $17.10^{***}$  &               &               & $2.30$         \\
                                &               &               & $(3.36)$       &               &               & $(4.08)$       &               &               & $(2.96)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-16.78^{***}$ &               &               & $-20.90^{***}$ &               &               & $-1.70$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.48)$       &               &               & $(2.62)$       &               &               & $(2.83)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $13.34^{***}$  &               &               & $26.34^{***}$  &               &               & $-1.21$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.03)$       &               &               & $(2.41)$       &               &               & $(1.91)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-15.10^{***}$ &               &               & $-7.48^{**}$   &               &               & $-14.32^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(2.54)$       &               &               & $(3.17)$       &               &               & $(2.31)$       \\
Constant                        & $16.47^{***}$ & $32.67^{***}$ & $46.69^{***}$  & $24.29^{***}$ & $19.80^{***}$ & $-8.91$        & $10.51^{***}$ & $13.89^{***}$ & $42.53^{***}$  \\
                                & $(1.29)$      & $(1.65)$      & $(5.23)$       & $(2.78)$      & $(2.19)$      & $(6.77)$       & $(0.88)$      & $(1.35)$      & $(4.80)$       \\
& & & & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\ 
Observations & 6,483 & 6,483 &6,483 &3,209 &3,209 &3,209 &6,483 &6,483 &6,483  \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.08 & 0.19 & 0.27 & 0.01 & 0.03 & 0.29 & 0.06 & 0.06 & 0.11 \\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{9}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}} 
\end{table} 
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{PATE Estimates of Prime Effects on Pooled Nationalist Populist Party Evaluations} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{9}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-10} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (All)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Power)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Opposition)}  \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 


Territorial Prime               & $2.44$        & $2.79^{*}$    & $1.90$         & $-0.87$       & $-0.40$       & $-0.04$        & $2.80^{*}$    & $2.81^{*}$    & $2.24^{*}$     \\
                                & $(1.85)$      & $(1.65)$      & $(1.52)$       & $(2.77)$      & $(2.65)$      & $(1.99)$       & $(1.45)$      & $(1.44)$      & $(1.34)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.14^{***}$  &               &               & $-0.09$        &               &               & $-0.08^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(0.05)$       &               &               & $(0.07)$       &               &               & $(0.04)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-3.26$        &               &               & $-6.39^{*}$    &               &               & $-0.30$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.38)$       &               &               & $(3.48)$       &               &               & $(2.04)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $0.70$         &               &               & $-0.01$        &               &               & $2.20$         \\
                                &               &               & $(2.60)$       &               &               & $(3.59)$       &               &               & $(2.33)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $0.10$         &               &               & $-3.79$        &               &               & $4.80^{**}$    \\
                                &               &               & $(2.57)$       &               &               & $(3.41)$       &               &               & $(2.17)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $1.34$         &               &               & $-0.38$        &               &               & $1.97$         \\
                                &               &               & $(1.50)$       &               &               & $(1.95)$       &               &               & $(1.41)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-4.07^{*}$    &               &               & $-0.72$        &               &               & $-2.05$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.29)$       &               &               & $(3.14)$       &               &               & $(1.88)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-2.05$        &               &               & $-0.08$        &               &               & $-0.44$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.09)$       &               &               & $(2.78)$       &               &               & $(1.79)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $3.00$         &               &               & $38.96^{***}$  &               &               & $-16.15^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(3.45)$       &               &               & $(4.26)$       &               &               & $(3.21)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $5.88^{*}$     &               &               & $12.31^{***}$  &               &               & $0.40$         \\
                                &               &               & $(3.37)$       &               &               & $(4.75)$       &               &               & $(3.18)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-12.22^{***}$ &               &               & $-4.34$        &               &               & $-4.83$        \\
                                &               &               & $(3.90)$       &               &               & $(5.04)$       &               &               & $(4.07)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-4.21$        &               &               & $19.15^{***}$  &               &               & $-18.22^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(4.05)$       &               &               & $(4.22)$       &               &               & $(3.64)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $18.51^{***}$  &               &               & $18.03^{***}$  &               &               & $6.91^{**}$    \\
                                &               &               & $(3.83)$       &               &               & $(4.43)$       &               &               & $(3.41)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-15.36^{***}$ &               &               & $-20.86^{***}$ &               &               & $-0.28$        \\
                                &               &               & $(3.08)$       &               &               & $(3.06)$       &               &               & $(3.29)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $14.38^{***}$  &               &               & $25.28^{***}$  &               &               & $1.00$         \\
                                &               &               & $(2.32)$       &               &               & $(2.78)$       &               &               & $(2.16)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-16.35^{***}$ &               &               & $-8.94^{**}$   &               &               & $-15.33^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(2.86)$       &               &               & $(3.50)$       &               &               & $(2.72)$       \\
Constant                        & $28.71^{***}$ & $41.89^{***}$ & $53.30^{***}$  & $32.08^{***}$ & $28.15^{***}$ & $-5.79$        & $17.42^{***}$ & $21.71^{***}$ & $47.48^{***}$  \\
                                & $(1.53)$      & $(1.52)$      & $(6.26)$       & $(2.46)$      & $(2.04)$      & $(7.50)$       & $(1.12)$      & $(1.30)$      & $(5.82)$       \\
  & & & & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\ 
Observations & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 &2,395 &2,395 &2,395 &4,869 &4,869 &4,869 \\ 
R$^2$ & 0 & 0.16 & 0.26 & 0 & 0.01 & 0.28 & 0 & 0.03 & 0.1 \\ 
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{9}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} }
\end{table} 
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{SATE Estimates of Prime Effects on Pooled Nationalist Populist Party Evaluations} 
  \label{} 
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{9}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-10} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (All)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Power)} &\multicolumn{3}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Opposition)}  \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Prime               & $1.21$        & $1.53$        & $1.23$         & $0.98$        & $1.39$        & $1.80$         & $0.78$        & $0.79$        & $0.44$         \\
                                & $(1.04)$      & $(0.96)$      & $(0.90)$       & $(1.59)$      & $(1.59)$      & $(1.38)$       & $(0.92)$      & $(0.91)$      & $(0.88)$       \\
Age                             &               &               & $-0.19^{***}$  &               &               & $-0.14^{***}$  &               &               & $-0.15^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(0.03)$       &               &               & $(0.05)$       &               &               & $(0.03)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               & $-1.61$        &               &               & $-3.57^{*}$    &               &               & $-0.17$        \\
                                &               &               & $(1.38)$       &               &               & $(2.01)$       &               &               & $(1.46)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               & $1.75$         &               &               & $0.74$         &               &               & $2.45$         \\
                                &               &               & $(1.64)$       &               &               & $(2.49)$       &               &               & $(1.62)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               & $1.53$         &               &               & $-1.69$        &               &               & $3.83^{***}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(1.49)$       &               &               & $(2.17)$       &               &               & $(1.48)$       \\
Male                            &               &               & $0.64$         &               &               & $-2.90^{**}$   &               &               & $2.22^{**}$    \\
                                &               &               & $(0.90)$       &               &               & $(1.37)$       &               &               & $(0.88)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               & $-3.52^{**}$   &               &               & $0.48$         &               &               & $-3.14^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(1.40)$       &               &               & $(2.16)$       &               &               & $(1.28)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               & $-1.29$        &               &               & $1.82$         &               &               & $-1.23$        \\
                                &               &               & $(1.38)$       &               &               & $(2.14)$       &               &               & $(1.24)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               & $5.31^{***}$   &               &               & $32.31^{***}$  &               &               & $-11.23^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(1.98)$       &               &               & $(3.25)$       &               &               & $(1.87)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               & $5.37^{***}$   &               &               & $13.88^{***}$  &               &               & $-1.32$        \\
                                &               &               & $(2.04)$       &               &               & $(3.48)$       &               &               & $(1.92)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               & $-8.02^{***}$  &               &               & $-0.40$        &               &               & $-7.33^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               & $(2.31)$       &               &               & $(3.30)$       &               &               & $(2.29)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               & $-8.22^{***}$  &               &               & $10.58^{***}$  &               &               & $-15.72^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(2.26)$       &               &               & $(3.20)$       &               &               & $(2.17)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               & $20.76^{***}$  &               &               & $22.25^{***}$  &               &               & $7.71^{***}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(2.14)$       &               &               & $(3.28)$       &               &               & $(2.04)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               & $-16.01^{***}$ &               &               & $-22.42^{***}$ &               &               & $-3.32^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(1.50)$       &               &               & $(2.19)$       &               &               & $(1.48)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               & $12.97^{***}$  &               &               & $24.74^{***}$  &               &               & $0.19$         \\
                                &               &               & $(1.44)$       &               &               & $(2.29)$       &               &               & $(1.38)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               & $-14.49^{***}$ &               &               & $-9.65^{***}$  &               &               & $-12.93^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               & $(1.70)$       &               &               & $(2.58)$       &               &               & $(1.62)$       \\
Constant                        & $28.19^{***}$ & $41.74^{***}$ & $51.99^{***}$  & $30.82^{***}$ & $27.37^{***}$ & $-2.48$        & $17.58^{***}$ & $21.47^{***}$ & $50.01^{***}$  \\
                                & $(0.84)$      & $(1.08)$      & $(3.67)$       & $(1.28)$      & $(1.46)$      & $(5.75)$       & $(0.74)$      & $(0.94)$      & $(3.48)$       \\
  & & & & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\ 
Observations & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 &2,395 &2,395 &2,395 &4,869 &4,869 &4,869 \\ 
R$^2$ & 0 & 0.15 & 0.26 & 0 & 0.01 & 0.27 & 0 & 0.02 & 0.08 \\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{9}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} }
\end{table} 
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Regression Estimates of Interaction Models on Pooled Nationalist Populist Party Evaluations} 
  \label{} 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (Pooled)} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $18.94^{***}$ & $-3.38$       & $9.79^{**}$   & $-8.31$       & $4.11$         & $-8.37$        \\
                                & $(4.77)$      & $(16.50)$     & $(4.63)$      & $(14.49)$     & $(3.95)$       & $(12.51)$      \\
Territorial Prime               & $-4.68$       & $-6.69$       & $-3.07$       & $-4.03$       & $-2.39$        & $-3.14$        \\
                                & $(3.53)$      & $(4.29)$      & $(2.96)$      & $(3.46)$      & $(2.63)$       & $(3.03)$       \\
Prime : Concern                 & $12.15^{**}$  & $34.50^{*}$   & $10.44^{**}$  & $22.75$       & $8.10^{*}$     & $17.29$        \\
                                & $(5.40)$      & $(19.05)$     & $(4.76)$      & $(16.48)$     & $(4.19)$       & $(14.96)$      \\
Territorial Loss Concern$^2$    &               & $23.25$       &               & $18.66$       &                & $12.88$        \\
                                &               & $(14.99)$     &               & $(13.49)$     &                & $(11.64)$      \\
Prime : Concern$^2$             &               & $-23.28$      &               & $-13.00$      &                & $-9.66$        \\
                                &               & $(17.72)$     &               & $(16.08)$     &                & $(14.63)$      \\
Age                             &               &               &               &               & $-0.14^{***}$  & $-0.14^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(0.05)$       & $(0.05)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               &               &               & $-3.48$        & $-3.42$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.38)$       & $(2.37)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               &               &               & $0.24$         & $0.29$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.60)$       & $(2.59)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               &               &               & $-0.21$        & $-0.13$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.58)$       & $(2.56)$       \\
Male                            &               &               &               &               & $0.89$         & $0.83$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.50)$       & $(1.49)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               &               &               & $-4.14^{*}$    & $-4.08^{*}$    \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.28)$       & $(2.26)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               &               &               & $-2.39$        & $-2.33$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.08)$       & $(2.06)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               &               &               & $2.20$         & $2.38$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.46)$       & $(3.46)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               &               &               & $5.50$         & $5.34$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.38)$       & $(3.40)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               &               &               & $-10.88^{***}$ & $-10.78^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.92)$       & $(3.90)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               &               &               & $-2.47$        & $-2.64$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.98)$       & $(4.01)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               &               &               & $15.39^{***}$  & $15.05^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.81)$       & $(3.78)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               &               &               & $-15.37^{***}$ & $-15.35^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.08)$       & $(3.09)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               &               &               & $13.23^{***}$  & $13.34^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.38)$       & $(2.38)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               &               &               & $-15.43^{***}$ & $-15.39^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.86)$       & $(2.85)$       \\
Constant                        & $19.84^{***}$ & $21.85^{***}$ & $35.20^{***}$ & $36.92^{***}$ & $51.60^{***}$  & $52.88^{***}$  \\
                                & $(3.19)$      & $(3.91)$      & $(2.97)$      & $(3.48)$      & $(6.43)$       & $(6.70)$       \\
& & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & No & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\
Observations & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.08 & 0.08 & 0.19 & 0.19 & 0.27 & 0.27\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} 
\end{table} 

\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Regression Estimates of Interaction Models on Pooled  Party Evaluations for Nationalist Populist Parties in Power} 
  \label{} 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Power Only)} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Territorial Loss Concern        & $1.42$        & $-52.24^{*}$  & $2.53$        & $-44.91$      & $-1.37$        & $-42.21^{**}$  \\
                                & $(8.58)$      & $(31.64)$     & $(8.04)$      & $(29.14)$     & $(5.35)$       & $(18.50)$      \\
Territorial Prime               & $-14.49^{**}$ & $-19.51^{**}$ & $-13.47^{**}$ & $-16.93^{**}$ & $-8.21^{*}$    & $-12.81^{**}$  \\
                                & $(6.89)$      & $(8.83)$      & $(6.38)$      & $(8.06)$      & $(4.31)$       & $(5.22)$       \\
Prime : Concern                 & $21.90^{**}$  & $68.67^{**}$  & $20.98^{**}$  & $55.89^{*}$   & $13.22^{**}$   & $53.19^{**}$   \\
                                & $(9.25)$      & $(33.99)$     & $(8.76)$      & $(31.20)$     & $(6.01)$       & $(21.65)$      \\
Territorial Loss Concern$^2$    &               & $52.50^{**}$  &               & $46.39^{*}$   &                & $40.01^{**}$   \\
                                &               & $(25.74)$     &               & $(24.05)$     &                & $(16.21)$      \\
Prime : Concern$^2$             &               & $-46.09$      &               & $-34.71$      &                & $-39.08^{**}$  \\
                                &               & $(28.33)$     &               & $(26.36)$     &                & $(19.36)$      \\
Age                             &               &               &               &               & $-0.09$        & $-0.09$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(0.07)$       & $(0.07)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               &               &               & $-6.51^{*}$    & $-6.14^{*}$    \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.43)$       & $(3.34)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               &               &               & $-0.63$        & $-0.54$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.59)$       & $(3.53)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               &               &               & $-4.29$        & $-4.09$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.38)$       & $(3.29)$       \\
Male                            &               &               &               &               & $-1.23$        & $-1.55$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.96)$       & $(1.92)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               &               &               & $-0.27$        & $0.40$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.07)$       & $(2.93)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               &               &               & $-0.27$        & $0.29$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.70)$       & $(2.62)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               &               &               & $50.87^{***}$  & $50.92^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(5.71)$       & $(5.70)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               &               &               & $17.81^{***}$  & $17.72^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(6.34)$       & $(6.35)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               &               &               & $-2.80$        & $-2.45$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.43)$       & $(2.42)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               &               &               & $5.40^{***}$   & $5.39^{***}$   \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.12)$       & $(1.12)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               &               &               & $18.96^{***}$  & $18.40^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(6.00)$       & $(5.81)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               &               &               & $-20.66^{***}$ & $-20.83^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.24)$       & $(3.22)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               &               &               & $24.12^{***}$  & $24.19^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.79)$       & $(2.79)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               &               &               & $-8.36^{**}$   & $-8.18^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.51)$       & $(3.48)$       \\
Constant                        & $31.21^{***}$ & $37.31^{***}$ & $26.37^{***}$ & $31.88^{***}$ & $-11.49$       & $-7.01$        \\
                                & $(6.51)$      & $(8.42)$      & $(5.58)$      & $(7.38)$      & $(9.00)$       & $(9.36)$       \\
  & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & No & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\
Observations & 2,395 & 2,395 &2,395 & 2,395 & 2,395 &2,395 \\ 
0.03 & 0.04 & 0.05 & 0.05 & 0.29 & 0.29\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} 
\end{table} 

\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Regression Estimates of Interaction Models on Pooled Party Evaluations for Nationalist Populist Parties in Opposition} 
  \label{} 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-7} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Support for Nationalist Populist (In Opposition Only)} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 


Territorial Loss Concern        & $15.70^{***}$ & $28.37^{***}$ & $12.34^{***}$ & $23.05^{**}$  & $12.71^{***}$  & $24.97^{**}$   \\
                                & $(3.00)$      & $(10.72)$     & $(3.28)$      & $(10.69)$     & $(3.09)$       & $(10.01)$      \\
Territorial Prime               & $1.38$        & $0.88$        & $1.55$        & $0.98$        & $2.14$         & $1.83$         \\
                                & $(2.17)$      & $(2.44)$      & $(2.20)$      & $(2.46)$      & $(1.95)$       & $(2.17)$       \\
Prime : Concern                 & $1.40$        & $4.27$        & $1.34$        & $4.98$        & $-0.74$        & $0.35$         \\
                                & $(3.77)$      & $(14.21)$     & $(3.80)$      & $(14.24)$     & $(3.51)$       & $(13.51)$      \\
Territorial Loss Concern$^2$    &               & $-13.37$      &               & $-11.02$      &                & $-12.68$       \\
                                &               & $(11.22)$     &               & $(11.15)$     &                & $(10.40)$      \\
Prime : Concern$^2$             &               & $-2.53$       &               & $-3.39$       &                & $-0.78$        \\
                                &               & $(14.58)$     &               & $(14.63)$     &                & $(13.97)$      \\
Age                             &               &               &               &               & $-0.08^{*}$    & $-0.08^{**}$   \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(0.04)$       & $(0.04)$       \\
Completed University            &               &               &               &               & $-0.59$        & $-0.65$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.97)$       & $(1.97)$       \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               &               &               & $1.40$         & $1.30$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.26)$       & $(2.25)$       \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               &               &               & $4.31^{**}$    & $4.14^{**}$    \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.11)$       & $(2.11)$       \\
Male                            &               &               &               &               & $1.45$         & $1.50$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.40)$       & $(1.39)$       \\
Urban                           &               &               &               &               & $-2.20$        & $-2.11$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.85)$       & $(1.84)$       \\
Small Town                      &               &               &               &               & $-0.74$        & $-0.73$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(1.77)$       & $(1.76)$       \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               &               &               & $-17.48^{***}$ & $-17.81^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.15)$       & $(3.13)$       \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               &               &               & $-0.14$        & $0.23$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.15)$       & $(3.17)$       \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               &               &               & $-4.18$        & $-4.04$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(4.10)$       & $(4.11)$       \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               &               &               & $-16.36^{***}$ & $-16.02^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.57)$       & $(3.60)$       \\
National Identity Index         &               &               &               &               & $2.91$         & $3.47$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.41)$       & $(3.34)$       \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               &               &               & $0.94$         & $0.66$         \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(3.29)$       & $(3.27)$       \\
Religious Importance            &               &               &               &               & $-1.14$        & $-1.34$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.19)$       & $(2.17)$       \\
Political Interest              &               &               &               &               & $-14.61^{***}$ & $-14.62^{***}$ \\
                                &               &               &               &               & $(2.70)$       & $(2.70)$       \\
Constant                        & $10.37^{***}$ & $9.23^{***}$  & $14.33^{***}$ & $13.28^{***}$ & $42.54^{***}$  & $40.93^{***}$  \\
& $(1.66)$      & $(1.85)$      & $(1.98)$      & $(2.10)$      & $(5.72)$       & $(5.87)$       \\
  & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & No & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\
Observations & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 & 4,869 & 4,869 &4,869 \\ 
R$^2$ & 0.05 & 0.05 & 0.06 & 0.06 & 0.12 & 0.12\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} 
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Logistic Regression Estimates of Interaction Models on Pooled Propensity to Name Period of Greatest Historical Extent} 
  \label{} 

  \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{9}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
\cline{2-10} 
\\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{9}{c}{Name Period of Greatest Historical Extent} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Territorial Prime               & $0.39^{***}$  &               & $0.70^{***}$  & $0.39^{**}$   &               & $0.81^{***}$  & $0.40^{**}$   &               & $0.82^{***}$  \\
                                & $(0.15)$      &               & $(0.27)$      & $(0.15)$      &               & $(0.29)$      & $(0.16)$      &               & $(0.29)$      \\
Territorial Loss Concern        &               & $1.77^{***}$  & $2.05^{***}$  &               & $1.33^{***}$  & $1.68^{***}$  &               & $1.45^{***}$  & $1.79^{***}$  \\
                                &               & $(0.17)$      & $(0.28)$      &               & $(0.22)$      & $(0.33)$      &               & $(0.24)$      & $(0.33)$      \\
Prime : Concern                 &               &               & $-0.54$       &               &               & $-0.68^{*}$   &               &               & $-0.69^{*}$   \\
                                &               &               & $(0.36)$      &               &               & $(0.38)$      &               &               & $(0.39)$      \\
Age                             &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.01^{**}$  & $-0.01^{**}$  & $-0.01^{**}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.00)$      & $(0.00)$      & $(0.00)$      \\
Completed University            &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.29$        & $0.22$        & $0.21$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.28)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.28)$      \\
Completed Secondary             &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.02$       & $-0.12$       & $-0.12$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.31)$      & $(0.30)$      & $(0.31)$      \\
Technical/Vocational Education  &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.33$       & $-0.43$       & $-0.44$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.29)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.29)$      \\
Male                            &               &               &               &               &               &               & $1.01^{***}$  & $0.94^{***}$  & $0.95^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.16)$      & $(0.16)$      & $(0.16)$      \\
Urban                           &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.00$       & $-0.01$       & $-0.01$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.19)$      & $(0.19)$      & $(0.19)$      \\
Small Town                      &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.24$       & $-0.25$       & $-0.26$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.19)$      & $(0.19)$      & $(0.19)$      \\
COVID Restriction Support Index &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.52$       & $-0.73^{*}$   & $-0.67$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.42)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.42)$      \\
Interventionism Index           &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.27$       & $-0.43$       & $-0.42$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.48)$      & $(0.46)$      & $(0.47)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.37^{**}$   & $0.45^{***}$  & $0.45^{***}$  \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.18)$      & $(0.17)$      & $(0.17)$      \\
Support for Democracy Index     &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.06$        & $0.07$        & $0.08$        \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.11)$      & $(0.10)$      & $(0.10)$      \\
National Identity Index         &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.58$        & $-0.06$       & $-0.09$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.52)$      & $(0.52)$      & $(0.52)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.43$        & $0.44^{*}$    & $0.45^{*}$    \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.27)$      & $(0.26)$      & $(0.26)$      \\
Religious Importance            &               &               &               &               &               &               & $0.13$        & $-0.05$       & $-0.04$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.26)$      & $(0.24)$      & $(0.24)$      \\
Political Interest              &               &               &               &               &               &               & $-0.12$       & $-0.03$       & $-0.05$       \\
                                &               &               &               &               &               &               & $(0.29)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.29)$      \\
Constant                        & $-2.55^{***}$ & $-3.38^{***}$ & $-3.75^{***}$ & $-2.30^{***}$ & $-2.98^{***}$ & $-3.40^{***}$ & $-2.43^{***}$ & $-2.33^{***}$ & $-2.75^{***}$ \\
                                & $(0.12)$      & $(0.13)$      & $(0.21)$      & $(0.12)$      & $(0.18)$      & $(0.26)$      & $(0.69)$      & $(0.65)$      & $(0.72)$      \\
  & & & & & & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & No & No & No & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5  \\ 
Observations & 6,483 & 6,483 &6,483 &6,483 & 6,483 &6,483 &6,483 &6,483 &6,483 \\ 
Pseudo R$^2$ & 0 & 0.05 & 0.06 & 0.07 & 0.09 & 0.1 & 0.12 & 0.14 & 0.15\\
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{9}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
 & \multicolumn{9}{r}{Survey version 4 (diaspora prime only) included as control.} \\ 
\end{tabular} }
\end{table} 
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Effects of Concern and Experimental Prime on Perceived Best Period in National History} 
  \label{tab:nost} 
  \resizebox{0.9\textwidth}{!}{
 \begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Hungary} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Romania} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Turkey} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Germany} \\ 
 \\[-1.8ex] & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Pre 1918} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{1918-1938} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Pre 1922} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Pre 1918 or 1933-1945} \\
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $1.07^{***}$  & $1.11^{**}$   & $1.75^{***}$  & $2.04^{***}$  & $-0.18$       & $0.88$        & $3.90^{***}$  & $5.84^{***}$ \\
                                & $(0.30)$      & $(0.49)$      & $(0.45)$      & $(0.59)$      & $(0.55)$      & $(0.85)$      & $(1.08)$      & $(1.09)$      \\
Territorial Prime               &               & $0.74^{*}$    &               & $0.61$        &               & $2.64^{***}$  &               & $1.39$       \\
                                &               & $(0.44)$      &               & $(0.64)$      &               & $(0.80)$      &               & $(0.89)$      \\
Prime : Concern                 &               & $-0.17$       &               & $-0.61$       &               & $-2.45^{**}$  &               & $-3.24^{**}$ \\
                                &               & $(0.58)$      &               & $(0.83)$      &               & $(1.16)$      &               & $(1.36)$      \\
Age                             & $-0.04^{***}$ & $-0.04^{***}$ & $0.03^{**}$   & $0.03^{**}$   & $-0.06^{***}$ & $-0.06^{***}$ & $-0.02$       & $-0.01$      \\
                                & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.02)$      & $(0.02)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.02)$      \\
Completed University            & $0.69^{**}$   & $0.71^{**}$   & $-0.02$       & $-0.03$       & $0.14$        & $0.42$        & $0.14$        & $0.36$       \\
                                & $(0.31)$      & $(0.32)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.63)$      & $(0.63)$      & $(0.83)$      & $(0.86)$      \\
Completed Secondary             & $0.03$        & $0.06$        & $-0.46$       & $-0.46$       & $0.39$        & $0.73$        & $0.36$        & $0.74$       \\
                                & $(0.34)$      & $(0.35)$      & $(0.42)$      & $(0.43)$      & $(0.71)$      & $(0.67)$      & $(1.10)$      & $(1.02)$      \\
Technical/Vocational Education  & $-0.09$       & $-0.08$       & $-0.69$       & $-0.68$       & $0.56$        & $0.93$        & $-0.75$       & $-0.49$      \\
                                & $(0.30)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.91)$      & $(0.93)$      & $(0.66)$      & $(0.67)$      & $(0.81)$      & $(0.77)$      \\
Male                            & $0.96^{***}$  & $0.99^{***}$  & $1.05^{***}$  & $1.05^{***}$  & $1.24^{***}$  & $1.35^{***}$  & $0.74$        & $0.71$       \\
                                & $(0.18)$      & $(0.18)$      & $(0.30)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.85)$      & $(0.72)$      \\
Urban                           & $0.26$        & $0.27$        & $-0.09$       & $-0.08$       & $1.86^{*}$    & $1.91^{*}$    & $0.87$        & $1.07$       \\
                                & $(0.29)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.36)$      & $(0.36)$      & $(1.00)$      & $(1.04)$      & $(0.96)$      & $(0.98)$      \\
Small Town                      & $-0.03$       & $-0.05$       & $-0.87^{**}$  & $-0.87^{**}$  & $1.89^{*}$    & $1.95$        & $0.20$        & $0.29$       \\
                                & $(0.23)$      & $(0.23)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(1.14)$      & $(1.22)$      & $(0.69)$      & $(0.73)$      \\
COVID Restriction Support Index & $-0.70^{*}$   & $-0.70^{*}$   & $-0.43$       & $-0.36$       & $0.95$        & $1.52$        & $-2.60^{**}$  & $-2.64^{**}$ \\
                                & $(0.42)$      & $(0.42)$      & $(0.55)$      & $(0.55)$      & $(1.00)$      & $(1.01)$      & $(1.24)$      & $(1.23)$      \\
Interventionism Index           & $-0.40$       & $-0.40$       & $-0.28$       & $-0.30$       & $0.65$        & $0.93$        & $2.27$        & $2.00$       \\
                                & $(0.45)$      & $(0.45)$      & $(0.51)$      & $(0.52)$      & $(0.84)$      & $(0.88)$      & $(1.54)$      & $(1.49)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     & $0.71$        & $0.73$        & $2.62^{***}$  & $2.63^{***}$  & $-2.39^{***}$ & $-2.54^{***}$ & $-2.69$       & $-2.64$      \\
                                & $(0.47)$      & $(0.47)$      & $(0.70)$      & $(0.71)$      & $(0.90)$      & $(0.90)$      & $(2.25)$      & $(2.22)$      \\
Support for Democracy Index     & $0.45$        & $0.50$        & $2.21^{***}$  & $2.12^{***}$  & $-1.64$       & $-1.71$       & $-1.33$       & $-1.28$      \\
                                & $(0.37)$      & $(0.37)$      & $(0.80)$      & $(0.80)$      & $(1.14)$      & $(1.09)$      & $(1.05)$      & $(1.15)$      \\
National Identity Index         & $0.05$        & $0.08$        & $-1.02$       & $-1.06$       & $-0.10$       & $0.17$        & $1.80$        & $1.63$       \\
                                & $(0.44)$      & $(0.44)$      & $(0.82)$      & $(0.80)$      & $(0.96)$      & $(1.01)$      & $(1.60)$      & $(1.59)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           & $0.22$        & $0.20$        & $0.70$        & $0.68$        & $0.02$        & $0.17$        & $-1.14$       & $-1.00$      \\
                                & $(0.31)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.43)$      & $(0.44)$      & $(0.57)$      & $(0.58)$      & $(0.76)$      & $(0.85)$      \\
Religious Importance            & $-0.15$       & $-0.15$       & $-0.33$       & $-0.32$       & $-1.01$       & $-1.09$       & $-0.26$       & $-0.15$      \\
                                & $(0.26)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.42)$      & $(0.42)$      & $(0.64)$      & $(0.69)$      & $(1.04)$      & $(0.89)$      \\
Political Interest              & $-0.57^{*}$   & $-0.55^{*}$   & $0.56$        & $0.57$        & $-1.20$       & $-1.20$       & $0.11$        & $0.36$       \\
                                & $(0.32)$      & $(0.33)$      & $(0.53)$      & $(0.53)$      & $(0.75)$      & $(0.75)$      & $(1.00)$      & $(0.95)$      \\
Constant                        & $-2.04^{***}$ & $-2.50^{***}$ & $-6.79^{***}$ & $-7.00^{***}$ & $-2.07$       & $-4.35^{**}$  & $-2.66$       & $-3.97^{**}$ \\
                                & $(0.74)$      & $(0.80)$      & $(1.47)$      & $(1.57)$      & $(2.01)$      & $(1.99)$      & $(1.71)$      & $(1.95)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Country Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes  \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5   \\ 
Observations & 1,812 & 1,812 &1,678&1,678 &1,397 &1,397 &1,596 &1,596\\ 
Pseudo R$^2$ & 0.13 & 0.14 & 0.26 & 0.26 & 0.29 & 0.33 & 0.41 & 0.43\\
\multicolumn{9}{l}{{\parbox[t]{20cm}{\textit{Note}: All coefficients are from binary logistic regression models with heteroskedasticity-consistent (HC1) standard errors and inverse probability population weights. Standard demographic controls and country fixed effects are included in all models.}}} \\
\multicolumn{9}{l}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} }
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering 
  \caption{Proportion of Respondents Naming Best Period by Country} 
  \label{tab:salienceprops} 
  \begin{adjustbox}{max width=0.8\textwidth}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
  \hline
Period & Proportion \\ 
  \hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Hungary}}\\
\vspace{0.4em}\\
 After 2010 & 16.1 \% \\ 
  1990-2009 & 24.6 \% \\ 
  1945-1989 & 16.9 \% \\  
  1939-1944 & 0.7 \% \\
  1919-1938 & 2.5 \% \\ 
  Pre-1918$*$ & 11 \% \\ 
  DK/RA & 28.4 \% \\ 
   \hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Romania}}\\

\vspace{0.4em}\\
 After 2007 & 18.6 \% \\ 
  1990-2006 & 10.2 \% \\ 
  1945-1989 & 19.5 \% \\  
  1939-1944 & 1.9 \% \\
  1919-1938$*$ & 15.9 \% \\ 
  Pre-1918 & 3.7 \% \\ 
  DK/RA & 30.2 \% \\ 
   \hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Turkey}}\\

\vspace{0.4em}\\
 After 2002 & 37.3 \% \\ 
  1984-2001 & 16.0 \% \\ 
  1950-1983 & 3.2 \% \\  
  1923-1950 & 18.0 \% \\
  1879-1922 & 1.3 \% \\ 
  Pre-1878$*$ & 3.6 \% \\ 
  DK/RA & 20.6 \% \\  
   \hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textbf{Germany}}\\  
\vspace{0.4em}\\
 After 2009 & 20.4 \% \\ 
  1990-2008 & 34.7 \% \\ 
  1945-1989 & 23.4 \% \\  
  1933-1944$*$ & 0.2 \% \\
  1919-1932 & 0.6 \% \\ 
  Pre-1918$*$ & 1.7 \% \\ 
  DK/RA & 18.5 \% \\ 
   \hline
\multicolumn{2}{l}{}\\
\multicolumn{2}{r}{Period(s) of greatest extent indicated by $*$.}\\ 
\end{tabular}
\end{adjustbox}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Effects of Concern over Loss on AUR Support} 
  \label{tab:votaur} 
  \begin{adjustbox}{max width=\textwidth}
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\\[-1.8ex] & Voted for AUR (W3) & Close to AUR (W3) & Loss Concern (W4) \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Loss Concern (W1) & 9.995$^{***}$ & 22.921$^{***}$ & 0.590$^{***}$ \\ 
  & (3.745) & (4.078) &  (0.065)\\ 
  Name Bessarabia (W1) & 0.193 & $-$8.374$^{***}$ &  \\ 
  & (2.580) & (3.018) &  \\ 
  COVID Restriction Support Index (W1) & $-$4.040 & $-$25.692$^{***}$ &  \\ 
  & (2.935) & (6.490) & (0.065)  \\ 
  Age & $-$0.157 & $-$0.335$^{***}$ &  0.002\\ 
  & (0.115) & (0.128) & (0.002) \\ 
  Woman & $-$0.345 & $-$3.478 & $-$0.022 \\ 
  & (1.710) & (2.775) & (0.045) \\ 
  University Educated (W1) & $-$3.849$^{***}$ & $-$2.655 & 0.059  \\ 
  & (1.419) & (2.891) &(0.048)  \\ 
  Urban (W1) & 0.593 & $-$0.454 &$-$0.036  \\ 
  & (1.735) & (3.145) & (0.046) \\ 
  Interventionism Index & 2.175 & $-$6.257 &  \\ 
  & (2.500) & (5.257) &  \\ 
  National Identity Index (W1)& $-$1.979 & 8.006 &  \\ 
  & (3.539) & (7.986) &  \\ 
   Accept LGBT Neighbors (W1) & 4.416 & $-$3.841 &  \\ 
  & (3.452) & (3.693) &  \\ 
   Religious Importance (W1)  & 2.934 & 5.766 &  \\ 
  & (3.647) & (4.808) &  \\ 
  Political Interest (W1) & $-$0.441 & 6.288 &  \\ 
  & (3.050) & (5.038) &  \\ 
  Voted for AUR &  &  & $-$0.052 \\ 
  &  &  & (0.168) \\ 
  Constant & 0.689 & 29.215$^{**}$ & 0.046 \\ 
  & (6.500) & (13.180) & (0.101) \\ 
 N & 278 & 277 & 164 \\ 
 R$^2$ & & 0.44 & 0.37\\
 Pseudo R$^2$ & 0.84 & &\\
 County Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{$^{*}$p $<$ .1; $^{**}$p $<$ .05; $^{***}$p $<$ .01} \\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{All models include regional fixed effects as well as inverse probability attrition weights.} \\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Model (1) is a logistic regression.}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Loss Concern and COVID Approval are rescaled to range from $0$ to $1$.}\\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Due to a combination of small sample size, attrition weights, and multi-collinearity among indices, Model (1) becomes unstable with the full set of controls.}\\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{For this reason, the Globalization and Support for Democracy indices are excluded from the model.}\\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{ However, the results are robust to including alternative sets of controls, dropping the attrition weights, and the use of a linear probability model. }\\ 
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Results are available from the authors upon request.}\\ 
\end{tabular}  
\end{adjustbox}
\end{table} 
\newpage
\begin{landscape}

\section{Results by Party}

\counterwithin{table}{section}

\vspace*{\fill}
\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
  \caption{Effects of Territorial Loss Attitudes on Party Ratings} 
  \label{tab:partyrating} 
  \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\\[-1.8ex] & Jobbik & Fidesz & MSZP & PSD & PMP & USR & PNL & AKP & CHP & IYI & AfD & SPD & CDU\\ 
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Hungary} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Romania} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Turkey} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Germany} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9) & (10) & (11) & (12) & (13)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 

Territorial Loss Concern        & $8.25^{**}$    & $11.86^{***}$  & $-1.63$        & $6.05$         & $4.49$         & $4.49$         & $16.87^{**}$   & $-11.60$      & $3.95$         & $24.97^{***}$ & $18.70^{**}$   & $7.49$        & $-1.89$       \\
                                & $(3.98)$       & $(4.50)$       & $(3.32)$       & $(5.16)$       & $(5.81)$       & $(5.81)$       & $(6.63)$       & $(7.12)$      & $(7.01)$       & $(7.07)$      & $(8.84)$       & $(8.01)$      & $(7.30)$      \\
Territorial Prime               & $-2.05$        & $1.76$         & $-1.41$        & $2.53$         & $-6.95$        & $-6.95$        & $-1.44$        & $-10.77$      & $-1.66$        & $9.95^{*}$    & $2.39$         & $-1.38$       & $-5.42$       \\
                                & $(3.20)$       & $(3.08)$       & $(2.87)$       & $(3.71)$       & $(4.51)$       & $(4.51)$       & $(5.02)$       & $(7.18)$      & $(7.05)$       & $(5.81)$      & $(2.40)$       & $(3.12)$      & $(3.63)$      \\
Prime : Concern                 & $3.33$         & $2.15$         & $-0.65$        & $-3.52$        & $15.72^{**}$   & $15.72^{**}$   & $8.57$         & $13.98$       & $10.18$        & $-15.03^{*}$  & $-17.27^{*}$   & $-1.27$       & $-4.66$       \\
                                & $(4.87)$       & $(5.09)$       & $(3.95)$       & $(6.54)$       & $(7.01)$       & $(7.01)$       & $(7.85)$       & $(10.06)$     & $(10.63)$      & $(8.93)$      & $(10.10)$      & $(9.20)$      & $(9.59)$      \\
Age                             & $-0.24^{***}$  & $-0.18^{***}$  & $0.25^{***}$   & $0.17^{**}$    & $-0.13$        & $-0.13$        & $-0.13$        & $0.14$        & $-0.29^{*}$    & $-0.08$       & $-0.02$        & $-0.08$       & $-0.05$       \\
                                & $(0.06)$       & $(0.07)$       & $(0.05)$       & $(0.09)$       & $(0.09)$       & $(0.09)$       & $(0.10)$       & $(0.15)$      & $(0.17)$       & $(0.15)$      & $(0.06)$       & $(0.09)$      & $(0.09)$      \\
Completed University            & $-6.71^{**}$   & $-2.48$        & $0.32$         & $6.06^{**}$    & $-3.42$        & $-3.42$        & $-5.32$        & $-4.35$       & $6.75$         & $4.82$        & $0.55$         & $2.43$        & $5.44$        \\
                                & $(3.37)$       & $(3.23)$       & $(2.31)$       & $(3.02)$       & $(3.82)$       & $(3.82)$       & $(3.96)$       & $(4.45)$      & $(4.11)$       & $(3.76)$      & $(2.82)$       & $(3.68)$      & $(4.49)$      \\
Completed Secondary             & $-3.67$        & $2.13$         & $0.13$         & $4.18$         & $-4.18$        & $-4.18$        & $-7.07^{*}$    & $0.05$        & $-0.39$        & $8.12$        & $3.35$         & $0.84$        & $4.13$        \\
                                & $(3.54)$       & $(3.44)$       & $(2.44)$       & $(2.78)$       & $(3.75)$       & $(3.75)$       & $(3.70)$       & $(5.86)$      & $(5.16)$       & $(5.01)$      & $(3.75)$       & $(4.61)$      & $(4.97)$      \\
Technical/Vocational Education  & $0.57$         & $0.45$         & $1.04$         & $2.90$         & $-4.16$        & $-4.16$        & $1.19$         & $-7.20$       & $11.91^{***}$  & $10.43^{**}$  & $-0.25$        & $-0.10$       & $1.72$        \\
                                & $(3.12)$       & $(2.90)$       & $(2.11)$       & $(3.95)$       & $(4.64)$       & $(4.64)$       & $(5.24)$       & $(4.80)$      & $(4.56)$       & $(4.20)$      & $(2.83)$       & $(3.45)$      & $(4.34)$      \\
Male                            & $1.65$         & $-4.39^{**}$   & $-0.48$        & $2.79$         & $1.35$         & $1.35$         & $2.42$         & $2.54$        & $-15.68^{***}$ & $-1.83$       & $2.10$         & $-4.87^{*}$   & $-5.33^{*}$   \\
                                & $(1.77)$       & $(1.87)$       & $(1.38)$       & $(2.33)$       & $(2.65)$       & $(2.65)$       & $(2.81)$       & $(3.82)$      & $(3.61)$       & $(3.43)$      & $(1.98)$       & $(2.64)$      & $(2.92)$      \\
Urban                           & $-2.31$        & $2.03$         & $4.55^{*}$     & $2.49$         & $5.95^{*}$     & $5.95^{*}$     & $-0.29$        & $-6.97$       & $10.95^{*}$    & $-1.42$       & $3.82$         & $-4.10$       & $0.25$        \\
                                & $(3.12)$       & $(3.06)$       & $(2.42)$       & $(2.86)$       & $(3.55)$       & $(3.55)$       & $(3.61)$       & $(6.41)$      & $(6.39)$       & $(6.26)$      & $(2.96)$       & $(4.25)$      & $(4.61)$      \\
Small Town                      & $-0.53$        & $-0.06$        & $-0.36$        & $5.55^{**}$    & $4.34$         & $4.34$         & $0.36$         & $-3.37$       & $3.78$         & $-4.72$       & $4.65^{*}$     & $0.60$        & $0.30$        \\
                                & $(2.23)$       & $(2.24)$       & $(1.60)$       & $(2.56)$       & $(3.07)$       & $(3.07)$       & $(3.43)$       & $(7.48)$      & $(7.09)$       & $(6.45)$      & $(2.74)$       & $(3.88)$      & $(4.20)$      \\
COVID Restriction Support Index & $-20.90^{***}$ & $55.84^{***}$  & $-6.74$        & $-16.01^{***}$ & $18.76^{**}$   & $18.76^{**}$   & $50.17^{***}$  & $34.59^{***}$ & $-30.32^{**}$  & $-27.99^{**}$ & $-29.18^{***}$ & $35.98^{***}$ & $41.68^{***}$ \\
                                & $(5.76)$       & $(5.41)$       & $(4.12)$       & $(6.17)$       & $(7.58)$       & $(7.58)$       & $(8.07)$       & $(11.70)$     & $(12.20)$      & $(10.99)$     & $(6.68)$       & $(7.17)$      & $(8.54)$      \\
Interventionism Index           & $1.85$         & $24.67^{***}$  & $-10.10^{**}$  & $-0.47$        & $-1.07$        & $-1.07$        & $1.98$         & $-4.42$       & $-9.78$        & $-17.52$      & $-7.60$        & $0.23$        & $-15.50^{*}$  \\
                                & $(5.98)$       & $(6.18)$       & $(5.04)$       & $(4.74)$       & $(5.38)$       & $(5.38)$       & $(7.00)$       & $(12.61)$     & $(13.59)$      & $(11.96)$     & $(6.95)$       & $(7.55)$      & $(8.66)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     & $-1.76$        & $-7.47^{***}$  & $5.49^{***}$   & $-7.91^{***}$  & $7.32^{**}$    & $7.32^{**}$    & $10.14^{***}$  & $3.92$        & $5.64$         & $1.51$        & $-5.48^{*}$    & $5.23$        & $2.66$        \\
                                & $(2.40)$       & $(2.72)$       & $(1.86)$       & $(2.44)$       & $(3.02)$       & $(3.02)$       & $(3.10)$       & $(3.92)$      & $(3.91)$       & $(2.94)$      & $(2.98)$       & $(3.66)$      & $(3.76)$      \\
Support for Democracy Index     & $-1.46$        & $6.53^{***}$   & $-0.27$        & $-2.79^{*}$    & $-0.82$        & $-0.82$        & $2.96$         & $1.53$        & $7.72^{***}$   & $7.48^{***}$  & $-11.60^{***}$ & $8.31^{***}$  & $2.11$        \\
                                & $(1.08)$       & $(1.01)$       & $(0.83)$       & $(1.55)$       & $(1.84)$       & $(1.84)$       & $(1.86)$       & $(2.69)$      & $(2.38)$       & $(2.22)$      & $(1.84)$       & $(1.93)$      & $(2.10)$      \\
National Identity Index         & $-5.00$        & $22.69^{***}$  & $-7.62^{*}$    & $3.66$         & $-1.35$        & $-1.35$        & $-22.51^{**}$  & $10.28$       & $-4.55$        & $2.91$        & $32.87^{***}$  & $-19.87^{**}$ & $45.24^{***}$ \\
                                & $(5.30)$       & $(5.71)$       & $(4.44)$       & $(7.49)$       & $(8.12)$       & $(8.12)$       & $(9.71)$       & $(11.91)$     & $(12.44)$      & $(11.33)$     & $(6.89)$       & $(7.79)$      & $(8.63)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           & $6.28^{*}$     & $-22.91^{***}$ & $8.17^{***}$   & $-2.24$        & $8.90^{**}$    & $8.90^{**}$    & $5.19$         & $-11.80^{*}$  & $5.00$         & $8.54$        & $-4.03$        & $9.57^{*}$    & $2.13$        \\
                                & $(3.55)$       & $(3.62)$       & $(2.83)$       & $(2.70)$       & $(3.60)$       & $(3.60)$       & $(3.70)$       & $(6.08)$      & $(5.91)$       & $(5.77)$      & $(4.56)$       & $(4.91)$      & $(5.54)$      \\
Religious Importance            & $-5.91^{**}$   & $19.55^{***}$  & $-3.73^{*}$    & $10.35^{***}$  & $-6.90$        & $-6.90$        & $1.06$         & $39.99^{***}$ & $-21.74^{***}$ & $-1.50$       & $0.37$         & $4.35$        & $13.45^{***}$ \\
                                & $(2.91)$       & $(3.14)$       & $(2.15)$       & $(3.18)$       & $(4.45)$       & $(4.45)$       & $(4.58)$       & $(6.03)$      & $(6.72)$       & $(5.59)$      & $(3.44)$       & $(4.55)$      & $(4.49)$      \\
Political Interest              & $-14.38^{***}$ & $-7.59^{**}$   & $-12.31^{***}$ & $-6.41^{*}$    & $-13.83^{***}$ & $-13.83^{***}$ & $-30.13^{***}$ & $-13.20^{*}$  & $-4.11$        & $-0.97$       & $-14.94^{***}$ & $-9.93^{*}$   & $-7.01$       \\
                                & $(3.30)$       & $(3.50)$       & $(2.63)$       & $(3.67)$       & $(4.23)$       & $(4.23)$       & $(4.55)$       & $(7.08)$      & $(6.74)$       & $(6.22)$      & $(3.91)$       & $(5.08)$      & $(6.28)$      \\
Constant                        & $46.25^{***}$  & $-29.00^{***}$ & $18.33^{**}$   & $9.89$         & $46.61^{***}$  & $46.61^{***}$  & $54.62^{***}$  & $3.68$        & $87.85^{***}$  & $45.73^{**}$  & $14.93$        & $21.14^{*}$   & $-6.20$       \\
                                & $(9.22)$       & $(8.83)$       & $(7.55)$       & $(13.87)$      & $(16.14)$      & $(16.14)$      & $(13.93)$      & $(21.28)$     & $(22.52)$      & $(19.86)$     & $(9.28)$       & $(12.07)$     & $(14.00)$     \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Regional Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes  \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5   \\ 
Observations &  1,369 & 1,369 &1,369&1,264 &1,264 &1,264 &1,264 &1,026 & 1,026 & 1,026 & 1,210 & 1,210 &1,210\\ 
R$^2$ & 0.13 & 0.36 & 0.13 & 0.19 & 0.21 & 0.21 & 0.38 & 0.38 & 0.36 & 0.31 & 0.3 & 0.21 & 0.26\\
\multicolumn{13}{l}{{\parbox[t]{20cm}{\textit{Note}:}}} \\\multicolumn{13}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular} }
\end{table} 

\newpage

\begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
  \caption{Territorial Loss Attitudes and Retrospective Vote Choice\tablefootnote{Note that some parties are not included in this analysis due to not having contested the most recent election or too few respondents reporting having voted for them.}} 
  \label{tab:votechoice} 
  \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lccccccccccccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
\\[-1.8ex]& Jobbik & Fidesz& Other Party & Dancila (PSD) & Paleologu (PMP) & Barna (USR) & Iohannis (PNL) & AKP & CHP & IYI & AfD & SPD & CDU\\
 & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Hungary} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Romania} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Turkey} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Germany} \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6) & (7) & (8) & (9) & (10) & (11) & (12) & (13)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 
Territorial Loss Concern        & $0.74^{**}$   & $0.68^{**}$   & $-0.42$       & $0.16$         & $0.15$        & $0.20$        & $0.59^{*}$    & $-0.33$       & $0.33$        & $1.48^{**}$  & $0.53$        & $0.32$        & $-0.20$       \\
                                & $(0.29)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.28)$      & $(0.81)$       & $(0.65)$      & $(0.47)$      & $(0.33)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.40)$      & $(0.57)$     & $(0.66)$      & $(0.43)$      & $(0.38)$      \\
Age                             & $-0.03^{***}$ & $-0.01$       & $0.02^{***}$  & $0.08^{***}$   & $0.02$        & $-0.05^{***}$ & $-0.00$       & $0.01$        & $0.00$        & $0.02$       & $0.02$        & $0.02^{**}$   & $0.00$        \\
                                & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.02)$       & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.02)$     & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      & $(0.01)$      \\
Completed University            & $-0.25$       & $-0.36$       & $0.11$        & $1.38^{*}$     & $0.97$        & $0.44$        & $-0.80^{**}$  & $-0.11$       & $0.10$        & $-0.16$      & $0.72$        & $0.07$        & $0.12$        \\
                                & $(0.34)$      & $(0.33)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.79)$       & $(0.85)$      & $(0.45)$      & $(0.35)$      & $(0.33)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.64)$     & $(0.86)$      & $(0.36)$      & $(0.37)$      \\
Completed Secondary             & $-0.05$       & $-0.12$       & $0.12$        & $1.31^{*}$     & $0.93$        & $0.27$        & $-0.67^{*}$   & $0.18$        & $-0.14$       & $0.58$       & $1.48^{*}$    & $-0.02$       & $0.38$        \\
                                & $(0.33)$      & $(0.35)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.78)$       & $(0.86)$      & $(0.46)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.40)$      & $(0.65)$     & $(0.87)$      & $(0.43)$      & $(0.40)$      \\
Technical/Vocational Education  & $0.10$        & $-0.26$       & $0.07$        & $2.14^{*}$     & $0.73$        & $0.29$        & $-0.65$       & $-0.10$       & $0.29$        & $0.50$       & $1.24$        & $0.13$        & $-0.01$       \\
                                & $(0.30)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.25)$      & $(1.17)$       & $(1.18)$      & $(0.68)$      & $(0.53)$      & $(0.36)$      & $(0.33)$      & $(0.56)$     & $(0.84)$      & $(0.35)$      & $(0.35)$      \\
Male                            & $0.48^{**}$   & $-0.17$       & $0.32^{**}$   & $-0.41$        & $-1.05^{**}$  & $0.17$        & $-0.07$       & $0.24$        & $-0.43^{*}$   & $1.45^{***}$ & $0.05$        & $0.21$        & $0.05$        \\
                                & $(0.19)$      & $(0.18)$      & $(0.16)$      & $(0.44)$       & $(0.53)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.21)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.24)$      & $(0.42)$     & $(0.38)$      & $(0.24)$      & $(0.25)$      \\
Urban                           & $0.03$        & $-0.24$       & $0.23$        & $-0.54$        & $-1.04^{*}$   & $-0.36$       & $0.52^{*}$    & $-0.46$       & $1.68^{**}$   & $0.51$       & $0.52$        & $-0.08$       & $-0.02$       \\
                                & $(0.28)$      & $(0.30)$      & $(0.28)$      & $(0.57)$       & $(0.58)$      & $(0.42)$      & $(0.27)$      & $(0.48)$      & $(0.76)$      & $(0.61)$     & $(0.47)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.39)$      \\
Small Town                      & $-0.10$       & $-0.34^{*}$   & $0.09$        & $-0.10$        & $-0.35$       & $-0.30$       & $0.17$        & $-0.38$       & $1.29$        & $0.36$       & $-0.06$       & $0.10$        & $0.02$        \\
                                & $(0.22)$      & $(0.20)$      & $(0.18)$      & $(0.59)$       & $(0.54)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.52)$      & $(0.81)$      & $(0.74)$     & $(0.40)$      & $(0.35)$      & $(0.33)$      \\
COVID Restriction Support Index & $-2.74^{***}$ & $3.98^{***}$  & $-0.77^{*}$   & $-2.48^{*}$    & $-3.35^{***}$ & $-0.24$       & $3.76^{***}$  & $1.42$        & $-0.61$       & $-2.89^{**}$ & $-4.01^{***}$ & $1.57^{**}$   & $1.15^{*}$    \\
                                & $(0.56)$      & $(0.58)$      & $(0.44)$      & $(1.31)$       & $(1.23)$      & $(0.86)$      & $(0.70)$      & $(0.95)$      & $(0.92)$      & $(1.19)$     & $(0.97)$      & $(0.69)$      & $(0.66)$      \\
Interventionism Index           & $-0.02$       & $2.42^{***}$  & $-1.92^{***}$ & $-1.42^{*}$    & $-0.28$       & $0.56$        & $-0.58$       & $0.45$        & $-1.11$       & $-2.55^{**}$ & $0.49$        & $0.29$        & $-0.46$       \\
                                & $(0.56)$      & $(0.61)$      & $(0.59)$      & $(0.83)$       & $(1.06)$      & $(0.80)$      & $(0.60)$      & $(0.90)$      & $(1.02)$      & $(1.24)$     & $(1.15)$      & $(0.79)$      & $(0.76)$      \\
Globalization Support Index     & $-0.44$       & $-0.88^{***}$ & $0.93^{***}$  & $-0.67$        & $0.83$        & $0.16$        & $0.55^{**}$   & $0.33$        & $0.19$        & $0.50$       & $-1.52^{***}$ & $0.25$        & $-0.12$       \\
                                & $(0.27)$      & $(0.24)$      & $(0.21)$      & $(0.47)$       & $(0.68)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.25)$      & $(0.29)$      & $(0.24)$      & $(0.64)$     & $(0.45)$      & $(0.32)$      & $(0.30)$      \\
Support for Democracy Index     & $-0.18^{*}$   & $0.50^{***}$  & $0.13$        & $-0.40$        & $0.13$        & $0.28$        & $0.22$        & $0.04$        & $0.04$        & $0.55$       & $-1.00^{***}$ & $0.34$        & $0.27$        \\
                                & $(0.10)$      & $(0.10)$      & $(0.10)$      & $(0.28)$       & $(0.27)$      & $(0.20)$      & $(0.19)$      & $(0.19)$      & $(0.20)$      & $(0.35)$     & $(0.27)$      & $(0.22)$      & $(0.20)$      \\
National Identity Index         & $0.07$        & $2.67^{***}$  & $-1.37^{***}$ & $1.33$         & $3.87^{**}$   & $-0.46$       & $-1.26$       & $0.80$        & $-1.50^{*}$   & $0.22$       & $3.12^{***}$  & $-2.07^{**}$  & $3.62^{***}$  \\
                                & $(0.58)$      & $(0.72)$      & $(0.50)$      & $(1.81)$       & $(1.79)$      & $(0.98)$      & $(0.87)$      & $(1.12)$      & $(0.79)$      & $(1.22)$     & $(1.07)$      & $(0.82)$      & $(0.91)$      \\
Accept LGBT Neighbors           & $0.00$        & $-1.26^{***}$ & $0.97^{***}$  & $-0.44$        & $-0.03$       & $1.32^{***}$  & $-0.62$       & $-0.42$       & $0.27$        & $0.46$       & $-0.92$       & $0.76$        & $0.08$        \\
                                & $(0.32)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.32)$      & $(0.71)$       & $(0.71)$      & $(0.46)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.36)$      & $(0.79)$     & $(0.72)$      & $(0.53)$      & $(0.46)$      \\
Religious Importance            & $-0.43$       & $1.45^{***}$  & $-0.95^{***}$ & $0.39$         & $0.95$        & $-1.10^{*}$   & $-0.53$       & $3.21^{***}$  & $-1.59^{***}$ & $-0.18$      & $-0.80$       & $0.62$        & $0.52$        \\
                                & $(0.30)$      & $(0.26)$      & $(0.25)$      & $(0.75)$       & $(0.92)$      & $(0.57)$      & $(0.44)$      & $(0.85)$      & $(0.44)$      & $(0.67)$     & $(0.59)$      & $(0.39)$      & $(0.34)$      \\
Political Interest              & $-0.57$       & $-0.27$       & $-1.50^{***}$ & $0.36$         & $-0.03$       & $-0.86$       & $-1.13^{***}$ & $-0.90^{*}$   & $-0.75$       & $-0.83$      & $-1.48^{*}$   & $-0.45$       & $0.20$        \\
                                & $(0.38)$      & $(0.34)$      & $(0.31)$      & $(0.62)$       & $(1.02)$      & $(0.57)$      & $(0.41)$      & $(0.49)$      & $(0.48)$      & $(0.67)$     & $(0.85)$      & $(0.60)$      & $(0.56)$      \\
Constant                        & $-0.24$       & $-6.33^{***}$ & $1.06$        & $-22.86^{***}$ & $-6.39^{***}$ & $1.04$        & $-0.12$       & $-4.72^{***}$ & $1.26$        & $-0.66$      & $-3.95^{**}$  & $-3.92^{***}$ & $-4.75^{***}$ \\
                                & $(0.93)$      & $(0.92)$      & $(0.84)$      & $(2.15)$       & $(2.16)$      & $(1.75)$      & $(1.55)$      & $(1.70)$      & $(1.96)$      & $(2.52)$     & $(1.71)$      & $(1.21)$      & $(1.15)$      \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Regional Fixed Effects & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes  \\ 
Imputations & 5 & 5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5 &5   \\ 
Observations & 1,812 & 1,812 &1,812&1,678 &1,678 &1,678 &1,678 &1,397 & 1,397 & 1,397 & 1,596 & 1,596 &1,596\\ 
Pseudo R$^2$ & 0.14 & 0.28 & 0.17 & 0.36 & 0.33 & 0.24 & 0.17 & 0.26 & 0.24 & 0.35 & 0.36 & 0.1 & 0.09\\
\multicolumn{9}{l}{{\parbox[t]{20cm}{\textit{Note}:}}} &\multicolumn{4}{r}{$^{*}$p$<$0.1; $^{**}$p$<$0.05; $^{***}$p$<$0.01} \\ 
\end{tabular}  }
\end{table} 
\vspace*{\fill}


\end{landscape}

\section{Additional Figures}
\counterwithin{figure}{section}
     \begin{figure}[htp]
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width = \textwidth]{Figures/marginaleffectscombined.png}
        \caption{Marginal Effects of Loss Prime  on Party Rating by Party Status}
        \label{fig:popratingint}
    \end{figure}
    \begin{figure}[htp]
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width =\textwidth]{Figures/populist_vote_pp.png}
        \caption{Predicted probability of having voted for a nationalist populist party by loss concern}
        \label{fig:popvote}
    \end{figure}

\newgeometry{margin=1.5in}

\section{Description of Variables}
\counterwithin{table}{section}
The \textit{Democracy Support Index} was based on three survey questions: (1) evaluation of "having a democratic political system" on a four-point scale ranging from "very bad" to "very good", (2) agreement with the statement "Democracy might have its problems but it’s still the best form of government" on a five-point Likert scale, and (3) agreement with the statement "Democracies are better than other forms of government at dealing with a crisis such as the coronavirus pandemic" on a five-point Likert scale. The index had a Cronbach's alpha of .73.

The \textit{Globalization Support Index} was based on a five-item battery, which asked respondents to evaluate whether each of the following items (1) Free trade with other countries (2) Foreign companies investing in our country (3) [Country's] people working abroad (4) People from other countries working in [Country] (5) [Country]'s EU membership/candidacy, had more costs or benefits using a five-point scale ranging from "a lot more costs than benefits" to a "lot more benefits than costs." The index had a Cronbach's alpha of .74.

The \textit{National Identity Index} was based on a three-item battery question asking respondents how strongly do they felt they belonged to the [Country]'s (1) culture, (2) people, and (3) state, using a five-point scale ranging from "not at all" to "very strongly." The index had a Cronbach's alpha of .89.

The \textit{COVID Restriction Support Index} was based on a a five-item battery, which asked respondents to state their support for each of the following government measures aimed at stopping the spread of the coronavirus /COVID-19 (1) Ordering people to wear masks that cover the nose and mouth when outside the home, (2) Requiring people to stay at home for non-essential activities, (3) Ordering non-essential businesses to close, (4) Having police officers monitor public spaces such as roads, parks, and beaches and prevent access as necessary (5) Allowing the government to use cell phone apps to track peoples' movements using GPS, using a 4-point scale ranging from "strongly oppose" to "strongly support". The index had a Cronbach's alpha of .83.

The \textit{Interventionism Index} was based on a four-item battery that asked about the extent of government  involvement in four aspects of the economy (1) Setting energy prices, (2) Providing jobs for the unemployed, (3) Subsidizing loss making companies, (4) Owning industrial enterprises, using a four-point scale, ranging from 1-not involved to 4-highly involved. The index had a Cronbach's alpha of .68.

The \textit{Accept LGBT neighbors} variable was based on a survey question (that was part of a bigger battery) and asked the respondent's attitude towards having homosexuals as neighbors, using a five-point scale ranging from "totally unacceptable" to "totally desired". The \textit{Religiosity} measure was based on a five-point question about the importance of religion in the respondent's daily life, with options ranging from "Not important at all" to "Very important".  The \textit{Political Interest} variable is based on a question that captures the respondents' interest in politics using a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all interested" to "Very interested."

To facilitate comparability of results, we rescaled all variables except for age to a 0-1 scale. Summary statistics are given in Table \ref{tab:summary}.

Finally, raw data and party classifications as nationalist, populist, or both are given in Table \ref{tab:parties}

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering
\caption{Summary Statistics of Main Variables}
\label{tab:summary}
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccccc}
\\[-1.8ex]\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Variable & Mean & SD & Minimum & Maximum & N Obs. & N Missing \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Nationalist Populist Rating (All) & 30 & 35 & 0 & 100 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Nationalist Populist Rating (In Power) & 32 & 38 & 0 & 100 & 3,209 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Nationalist Populist Rating (In Opposition) & 24 & 32 & 0 & 100 & 5,086 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Voted Nationalist Populist & 0.13 & 0.34 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 872 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Named Greatest Historical Extent & 0.09 & 0.28 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Territorial Loss Concern & 49 & 37 & 0 & 100 & 6,483 & 24 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Age & 48 & 16 & 18 & 89 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Complete University Education & 0.32 & 0.46 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
University/Preparatory Education & 0.24 & 0.43 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Technical/Vocational Education & 0.30 & 0.46 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Man & 0.48 & 0.50 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Urban & 0.38 & 0.49 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Small Town & 0.34 & 0.47 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
COVID Restriction Support Index & 0.55 & 0.24 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 60 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Economic Interventionism Index & 0.60 & 0.23 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 182 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Globalization Support Index & 0.55 & 0.20 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 276 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Democracy Support Index & 0.73 & 0.22 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 0 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
National Identity Index & 0.76 & 0.22 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 107 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Accept LGBT neighbors & 0.55 & 0.37 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 521 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Religious Importance & 0.47 & 0.38 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 82 \\

\\[-1.8ex]
Political Interest & 0.43 & 0.29 & 0 & 1 & 6,483 & 49 \\
\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
\multicolumn{7}{l}{All proportions calculated using sample weights.} \\
\end{tabular}}
\end{table}

\begin{landscape}
 
\begin{table}[htp]
\centering
\caption{Populism and Nationalism Scores of Selected Political Parties}
\label{tab:parties}
\resizebox{1.1\linewidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{1pt}}lccccccccccccccc}
\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
\textbf{Country} & \textbf{Party} & \textbf{Minority} & \textbf{Nationalism} & \textbf{People} & \textbf{Anti-} & \textbf{Populist} & \textbf{Pluralist-} & \textbf{Populism} & \textbf{Majority} & \textbf{Cultural} & \textbf{Combined} & \textbf{Combined} & \textbf{Nationalist} & \textbf{Populist} & \textbf{Nationalist} \\
 &  & \textbf{Rights} &  & \textbf{vs.} & \textbf{Elite} &  & \textbf{Populist} & \textbf{Index} & \textbf{over} & \textbf{Superiority}& \textbf{Populism} & \textbf{Nationalism} & \textbf{Party} & \textbf{Party} & \textbf{Populist} \\
  &  & \textbf{Rights} &  & \textbf{Elite} & \textbf{Salience} &  & \textbf{Populist} & \textbf{Index} & \textbf{Minority} & & \textbf{Score} & \textbf{Score} & \textbf{Party} & \textbf{Party} & \textbf{Party} \\
 
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
  \textbf{Source:}& - & \textbf{(CHES)} & \textbf{(CHES)} & \textbf{(CHES)} & \textbf{(CHES)} & \textbf{(PopuList)} & \textbf{(Norris)} & \textbf{(V-Party)} & \textbf{(V-Party)} & \textbf{(V-Party)} & - & - & - & - & - \\
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
Turkey & \textbf{AKP} & 8.78 & 9.33 & 4.13 & 7.75 & - & 1 & - & - & - & 0.80 & 0.91 & 1 & 1 & 1 &  \\
Turkey & \textbf{MHP} & 10.00 & 10.00 & 3.13 & 5.43 & - & 1 & - & - & - & 0.71 & 1.00 & 1 & 1 & 1 & \\
Turkey & HDP & 0.00 & 0.89 & 5.75 & 6.13 & - & 0 & 0.65 & 2.94 & 2.55 & 0.41 & 0.00 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Turkey & IYI & 6.78 & 7.89 & 3.88 & 4.71 & - & - & - & - & - & 0.21 & 0.73 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Turkey & CHP & 4.75 & 3.44 & 4.00 & 4.25 & - & 0.33 & - & - & - & 0.37 & 0.41 & 0 & 0 & 0  \\[1.5ex]
Romania & \textbf{PRM} & 8.71 & - & - & - & 1 & - & - & - & - & 1.00 & 0.87 & 1 & 1 & 1  \\[1.5ex]
Romania & \textbf{PMP} & 6.23 & 7.00 & 5.69 & 5.00 & 1 & 1 & 0.25 & 0.51 & -1.09 & 0.70 & 0.58 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\[1.5ex]
Romania & PSD & 5.63 & 8.13 & 3.36 & 3.13 & 0 & 1 & 0.39 & 0.25 & -0.54 & 0.43 & 0.58 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Romania & USR & 3.81 & 2.50 & 6.00 & 6.50 & 0 & 0.67 & 0.41 & 2.59 & 0.24 & 0.43 & 0.25 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Romania & PNL & 5.00 & 5.88 & 4.36 & 3.38 & 0 & 0.67 & 0.11 & 1.71 & -0.07 & 0.29 & 0.42 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Romania & UDMR & 0.81 & 4.21 & 2.91 & 2.00 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.19 & 2.91 & -0.34 & 0.19 & 0.23 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & \textbf{Fidesz-KDNP} & 8.00 & 9.80 & 4.77 & 8.15 & 1 & 1 & 0.83 & -1.83 & -2.94 & 0.87 & 0.90 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & \textbf{JOBBIK} & 7.70 & 9.20 & 5.50 & 6.64 & 1 & 1 & 0.73 & -1.27 & -1.89 & 0.83 & 0.80 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & MSZP & 3.27 & 3.93 & 4.15 & 3.79 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.44 & 0.84 & 1.25 & 0.39 & 0.31 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & MM & 1.90 & 2.14 & 5.09 & 3.77 & 0 & - & - & - & - & 0.22 & 0.20 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & DK & 2.36 & 2.20 & 4.54 & 3.43 & 0 & 0 & 0.42 & 1.57 & 2.18 & 0.20 & 0.16 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Hungary & LMP & 2.45 & 3.73 & 4.92 & 4.29 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.15 & 1.67 & 1.46 & 0.24 & 0.23 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & \textbf{AfD} & 9.82 & 9.68 & 8.32 & 9.70 & 1 & 1 & 0.95 & -2.04 & -2.75 & 0.96 & 0.94 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & LINKE & 2.88 & 2.89 & 4.35 & 4.45 & 1 & 0.67 & 0.32 & 2.09 & 2.32 & 0.61 & 0.16 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & CSU & 7.35 & 6.95 & 2.84 & 1.55 & 0 & 0.67 & 0.06 & 0.44 & 0.30 & 0.24 & 0.55 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & GRUNEN & 1.65 & 1.11 & 4.90 & 1.80 & 0 & 0 & 0.17 & 2.31 & 3.52 & 0.13 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & SPD & 3.94 & 3.42 & 2.45 & 1.35 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.16 & 1.43 & 1.77 & 0.17 & 0.26 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & FDP & 4.75 & 3.89 & 2.35 & 1.25 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.05 & 2.00 & 1.75 & 0.14 & 0.27 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
Germany & CDU & 6.00 & 5.47 & 1.70 & 0.75 & 0 & 0.33 & 0.06 & 0.85 & 0.71 & 0.13 & 0.44 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[1.5ex]
\hline
\hline \\[-1.8ex]
\textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{14}{r}{\textbf{Parties in bold} are classified as nationalist populist parties.} \\
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}
\end{landscape}

\section{Survey Experiment Design}
\counterwithin{table}{section}
\label{sec:exp}
\begin{table}[htp] \centering 
  \caption{Summary of Question Order in Each Treatment Condition} 
  \label{tab:qorder} 
  \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{5pt}}lcccc} 
\\[-1.8ex]\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\textit{Version}} \\ 
\cline{2-5} 
\\[-1.8ex] & Both First & Territorial Prime First & Both Last & Diaspora Prime First \\ 
\\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4)\\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 $1$ & \textbf{Territory} & \textbf{Territory} & Best Historical Period & \textbf{Diaspora} \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
 $2$ & \textbf{Diaspora} & \textit{National ID} & Political & Best Historical Period \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
 $3$ & \textit{National ID} & Best Historical Period & Risk & Political \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
 $4$ & Best Historical Period & Political & Demographic & Risk \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
 $5$ & Political & Risk & \textit{National ID} &\textit{National ID} \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
 $6$ & Risk & Demographic & \textbf{Territory} & Demographic \\ 
  & & & & \\ 
  $7$ & Demographic & \textbf{Diaspora} &\textbf{Diaspora} & \textbf{Territory}\\ 
  & & & & \\ 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 
Observations & 1,965 & 2,082 & 2,142 & 2,037 \\ 
\hline 
\hline \\[-1.8ex] 

\end{tabular} 
}
\end{table}
\subsection{Territorial Loss Treatment}
There have been a number of dramatic changes to Europe’s borders in the past century, and much land that belonged to [Country] in previous generations has now been lost to other countries. Please use the field below to enter the first such territory that comes to mind, or, if you cannot remember its name, then enter the country to which it now belongs. 
[Text field]
[New Page]
Please indicate on a scale from 0 to 100, where 100 is ‘very concerned’ and 0 is ‘not at all concerned’, how concerned you are about the loss of this territory.
% \subsection{Diaspora Treatment (Except Germany)}
% There are a large number of [co-nationals] living in neighboring countries.
% Many people are concerned about the way they are being treated and argue that our country ought to do more to protect their interests. Below are a variety of policies that have been suggested to promote the rights and proper treatment of [country official language] speakers abroad. How much do you support each of the following options [5-point Likert scale]?

% \begin{enumerate}
%     \item Funding cultural programs in the neighboring countries
%     \item Providing citizenship rights to X speakers
%     \item Putting diplomatic pressures
%     \item Imposing economic sanctions
%     \item Signal our resolve by investing in the military
% \end{enumerate}

\newpage
\printbibliography
\end{document}